Polymorphic forms of RAD1901-2HCl

ABSTRACT

Various polymorphic forms of RAD1901-2HCl, including three crystalline and amorphous forms, are prepared and characterized. Uses of the various polymorphic forms of RAD1901-2HCl for cancer treatment are also disclosed.

PRIORITY CLAIM

This application is a Divisional Application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/863,850, filed Jan. 5, 2018, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,385,008, which claims the benefit under 35 U.S.C. § 119 of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/442,921, filed Jan. 5, 2017. The entire contents of which the aforementioned applications are hereby both incorporated by reference herein in their entirety, including drawings.

BACKGROUND

RAD1901 is a selective estrogen receptor down-regulator/degrader, or SERD, that crosses the blood-brain barrier and is particularly useful for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. RAD1901 has been shown to bind with good selectivity to the estrogen receptor (ER) and to have both estrogen-like and estrogen-antagonistic effect in different tissues. In many cancers, hormones, like estrogen, stimulate tumor growth, and thus a desired therapeutic goal is to block this estrogen-dependent growth while inducing apoptosis of the cancer cells. SERDs have the potential to be an emerging class of endocrine therapies that could directly induce ER degradation, thus potentially enabling them to remove the estrogen growth signal in ER-dependent tumors without allowing ligand-independent resistance to develop.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Various polymorphic forms of RAD1901-2HCl are disclosed herein, along with pharmaceutical compositions thereof, preparation methods thereof, and uses thereof.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

This patent or application contains at least one drawing executed in color. Copies of this patent or application with color drawing(s) will be provided by the Office upon request and payment of the necessary fees.

FIG. 1: Conversion among Forms 1, 2, and 3 of RAD1901-2HCl.

FIG. 2A: RP-HPLC Chromatogram of Sample 1 collected at 255 nm.

FIG. 2B: ¹H NMR of Sample 1 collected in d₆-DMSO.

FIG. 3A: RP-HPLC Chromatogram of Sample 2 collected at 255 nm.

FIG. 3B: ¹H NMR of Sample 2 collected in d₆-DMSO.

FIG. 4A: XRPD diffraction pattern of Sample 1 at ambient RH (e.g., 40-65% RH).

FIG. 4B: Overlay of XRPD patterns obtained for Sample 1 pre-(bottom) and post-storage (top) at elevated condition analysis.

FIG. 4C: Overlay of VH-XRPD patterns of Sample 1 collected at varied RH.

FIG. 4D: Overlay of XRPD patterns obtained for Sample 1 pre-(bottom) and post-(top) GVS (uptake 0-90% RH) analysis.

FIG. 4E: Overlay of XRPD patterns obtained for Sample 1 pre-(Sample 1) and post-GVS (HighRH_Desorp_3 and HighRH methods).

FIG. 4F: Overlay of XRPD patterns obtained for Sample 1 pre- and post-GVS (HighRH_Desorp_3's 1 cycle and HighRH Double Cycle's 2 cycles), and post storage at 25° C./97% RH.

FIG. 4G: XRPD diffraction pattern of Sample 1 at 0% RH.

FIG. 4H: Overlay of XRPD diffraction pattern of Forms 1-3.

FIG. 5A: XRPD patterns obtained for Sample 2.

FIG. 5B: Overlay of XRPD patterns obtained for Sample 2 and post-storage at elevated condition analysis.

FIG. 5C: Overlay of XRPD patterns obtained for Sample 1 (top) and Sample 2 (bottom 2 plots) post-storage at elevated condition analysis.

FIG. 5D: Overlay of VT-XRPD patterns of Sample 2 collected upon heating to 200° C. and Sample 1.

FIG. 5E: Overlay of VH-XRPD patterns of Sample 2 collected at high RH (>90%) and Sample 1 post storage at high RH.

FIG. 5F: Overlay of VH-XRPD patterns of Sample 2 collected at dry condition (0% RH).

FIG. 5G: Overlay of XRPD patterns obtained for Sample 2 pre- and post-GVS (uptake 0-90% RH).

FIG. 5H: XRPD patterns obtained for Sample 2 at 0% RH (Form 2).

FIG. 5I: XRPD patterns obtained for Sample 2 at 92% RH (Form 3).

FIG. 6A: GVS Isotherm Plot for Sample 1 collected from 0 to 90% RH.

FIG. 6B: GVS Kinetic Plot for Sample 1 collected from 0 to 90% RH.

FIG. 6C: GVS Isotherm Plot for Sample 1 collected from 40 to 95% RH with GVS method HighRH.

FIG. 6D: GVS Kinetic Plot for Sample 1 collected from 40 to 95% RH with GVS method HighRH.

FIG. 6E: GVS Isotherm Plot for Sample 1 collected over a single cycle with GVS method HighRH_Desorp_3.

FIG. 6F: GVS Kinetic Plot for Sample 1 collected over a single cycle with GVS method HighRH_Desorp_3

FIG. 6G: GVS Isotherm Plot for Sample 1 collected over a double cycle with GVS method HighRH_DoubleCycle_2.

FIG. 6H: GVS Kinetic Plot for Sample 1 collected over a double cycle with GVS method HighRR_DoubleCycle_2.

FIG. 7A: GVS Isotherm Plot for Sample 2 collected from 0 to 90% RH.

FIG. 7B: GVS Kinetic Plot for Sample 2 collected from 0 to 90% RH.

FIG. 8: Thermal analysis of Sample 1 by TGA (top) and DSC (bottom).

FIG. 9: Thermal analysis of Sample 2 by TGA (top) and DSC (bottom).

FIG. 10A: PLM images of Sample 1.

FIG. 10B: PLM images of crystals isolated from solubility assessment of Sample 1, produced platelet crystals upon cooling in methanol.

FIG. 11: PLM images of Sample 2.

FIG. 12A: SEM images of Sample 1 (295×).

FIG. 12B: SEM images of Sample 1 (1050×).

FIG. 12C: SEM images of Sample 1 (5100×).

FIG. 13A: SEM images of Sample 2 (730×).

FIG. 13B: SEM images of Sample 2 (1650×).

FIG. 13C: SEM images of Sample 2 (3400×).

FIG. 14A: Overlay of XRPD patterns obtained from the polymorph screen on crystalline Sample 1, which are substantially consistent with Form 1.

FIG. 14B: Overlay of XRPD patterns obtained from the polymorph screen on crystalline Sample 1, which are substantially consistent with Form 1.

FIG. 14C: Overlay of XRPD patterns obtained from the polymorph screen on crystalline Sample 1, which are substantially consistent with Form 3.

FIG. 15A: Overlay of XRPD patterns obtained for Sample 1 pre- and post-lyophilisation in water or t-butanol/water.

FIG. 15B: Overlay of XRPD patterns obtained for samples obtained by lyophilization if Sample 1 from water or t-butanol/water and crystalline samples of Sample 1 post-storage at 25° C./97% RH.

FIG. 15C: Overlay of XRPD patterns obtained for samples obtained by lyophilization from water or t-butanol/water of Sample 1 post-storage at 25° C./97% RH and 40° C./97% RH.

FIG. 16: ¹H NMR spectra of Sample 1 pre- and post-lyophilisation in water or t-butanol/water.

FIG. 17A: DSC analysis of samples of Sample 1 obtained by lyophilization from water (solid line) or t-butanol/water (dashed line).

FIG. 17B: TGA analysis of samples of Sample 1 obtained by lyophilization from water (solid line) or t-butanol/water (dashed line).

FIG. 17C: mDSC analysis of a sample of Sample 1 obtained by lyophilization from water (solid line).

FIG. 18A: Overlay of XRPD patterns obtained from the polymorph screen on Sample 1 obtained by lyophilization from nitromethane, acetonitrile, THF, ethanol, or propan-1-ol, which are substantially consistent with (anhydrous) Form 1.

FIG. 18B: Overlay of XRPD patterns obtained from the polymorph screen on Sample 1 obtained by lyophilization from dichloromethane (DCM), toluene, methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK), isopropyl acetate, ethyl acetate or propyl acetate, which are substantially consistent with Form 3 (Sample 2, 90% RH) or a mixture of Form 2 and Form 3 (sample 2 post 25/97).

FIG. 18C: Overlay of XRPD patterns obtained from the polymorph screen on Sample 1 obtained by lyophilization from 10% water/THF, 10% water/IPA, 10% water/EtOH, water, dimethoxyethane, or methanol, which are substantially consistent with Form 3 (hydrate, Sample 2, 90% RH) or a mixture of Form 2 (anhydrous) and Form 3 (sample 2 post 25/97).

FIG. 18D: Overlay of XRPD patterns obtained from the polymorph screen on Sample 1 obtained by lyophilization from 1,4-dioxane, t-butyl methyl ether (TBME), acetone, methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), propan-2-ol, or n-heptane, which are too poorly crystalline to assign polymorph, but appear to be Form 1 or a mixture of Form 2 and Form 3 (sample 2 post 25/97).

FIG. 19A: PLM images of crystals obtained during polymorph screens prepared by cooling a lyophilized sample of Sample 1-methanol.

FIG. 19B: PLM images of crystals obtained during polymorph screens prepared by maturation of a lyophilized sample of Sample 1 in water.

FIG. 19C: PLM images of crystals obtained during polymorph screens prepared by maturation of a lyophilized sample of Sample 1 in nitromethane.

FIG. 20A: Overlay of XRPD patterns of samples prepared by maturation of a lyophilized sample of Sample 1 in different water/ethanol solvent mixtures, which are substantially consistent with Form 1 or Form 3 (hydrate) (sample 1 post 25/97).

FIG. 20B: Overlay of XRPD patterns of samples prepared by maturation of a lyophilized sample of Sample 1 in different water/methanol solvent mixtures, which are substantially consistent with Form 2 or Form 3 (hydrate) (sample 1 post 25/97).

FIG. 20C: Overlay of XRPD patterns of samples prepared by maturation of a lyophilized sample of Sample 1 in anhydrous or water-saturated ethyl acetate, which are substantially consistent with Form 1 or Form 3 (sample 1 post 25/97).

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

I. Polymorphic Forms of RAD1901-2HCl

As set forth in the Examples section below, three crystalline and amorphous forms of RAD1901-2HCl were prepared and characterized.

The definitions provided herein are meant to clarify, but not limit, the terms defined. If a term used herein is not specifically defined, such term should not be considered indefinite. Rather, terms are used within their accepted meanings.

As used herein, RAD1901-2HCl refers to a salt form wherein the molar ratio of RAD1901 and HCl is approximately 2, e.g., from about 1.7 to about 2.1, or from 1.8 to about 2.0. Small changes in the amount of assayed HCl can be attributed to, without limitation, measurement variability and loss of small amounts of HCl through storage and/or processing.

As used herein, “crystalline” refers to a solid having a highly regular chemical structure. In particular, a crystalline free base or salt form may be produced as one or more single crystalline forms. For the purposes of this application, the terms “crystalline form”, “single crystalline form” and “polymorph” are synonymous; the terms distinguish between crystals that have different properties (e.g., different XRPD patterns and/or different DSC scan results). The term “polymorph” includes pseudopolymorphs, which are typically different solvates of a material, and thus their properties differ from one another. Thus, each distinct polymorph and pseudopolymorph of a free base or salt form is considered to be a distinct single crystalline form herein.

The term “substantially crystalline” refers to forms that may be at least a particular weight percent crystalline. Particular weight percentages are 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 99.5%, 99.9%, or any percentage between 10% and 100%. In some embodiments, substantially crystalline refers to a free base or salt form that is at least 70% crystalline. In other embodiments, substantially crystalline refers to a free base or salt form that is at least 90% crystalline.

As used herein, “amorphous” refers to a solid material comprising non-crystalline materials. In certain embodiments, an amorphous sample of a material may be prepared by lyophilization of a mixture of the material with a solvent, wherein the mixture may be homogeneous (e.g., solution) or heterogeneous (e.g., a slurry).

The term “substantially free” refers to forms and compositions that may be at least a particular weight percent free of impurities and/or crystalline compound. Particular weight percentages are 60%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 99.5%, 99.9%, or any percentage between 60% and 100% free of impurities and/or crystalline compound. In some embodiments, substantially free refers to a free base or salt form that is at least 70% pure. In other embodiments, substantially crystalline refers to a free base or salt form that is at least 90% pure. In other embodiments, substantially free of crystalline compound refers to a composition having less than about 30%, less than about 20%, less than about 15%, less than about 10%, less than about 5%, less than about 1% of crystalline compound.

The term “hydrate” is a solvate wherein the solvent molecule is H₂O that is present in a defined stoichiometric or non-stoichiometric amount. Stoichiometric solvates may, for example, include hemihydrate, monohydrate, dihydrate, or trihydrate forms, among others. Non-stoichiometric solvates may include, for example, channel hydrates, including where water content may change depending on humidity of the environment.

The term “solvate or solvated” means a physical association of a compound, including a crystalline form thereof, of this invention with one or more solvent molecules. This physical association includes hydrogen bonding. In certain instances the solvate will be capable of isolation, for example when one or more solvent molecules are incorporated in the crystal lattice of the crystalline solid. “Solvate or solvated” encompasses both solution-phase and isolable solvates. Representative solvates include, for example, a hydrate, ethanolates or a methanolate.

The term “stable” in the context of a polymorphic form disclosed herein refers to the stability of the polymorphic form relative to heat and/or humidity.

The relationship among the three crystalline forms of RAD1901 is provided in FIG. 1.

As used herein, crystalline forms of RAD1901-2HCl are referred to as Forms 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Forms 1 and 2 are anhydrous forms of RAD1901-2HCl, and Form 3 is a hydrated form of RAD1901-2HCl. Forms 1, 2, and 3 showed different X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) patterns.

Sample 1 refers to an initially uncharacterized batch of RAD1901-2HCl that was subsequently determined to be predominately Form 1. Sample 2 refers to an initially uncharacterized batch of RAD1901-2HCl that was subsequently determined to be a mixture of Form 2 and Form 3

GVS experiments showed that Form 2 was hygroscopic with a mass uptake from 0-40% RH, and the mass uptake plateaued above 40% RH. Thus, an equilibrium existed between the anhydrous Form 2 and hydrate Form 3 at near ambient RH. Anhydrous Form 1 demonstrated low hygroscopicity between 0-90% RH, and started converting to the hydrate Form 3 at above 90% RH.

In many embodiments disclosed herein, RAD1901-2HCl is disclosed as having a crystalline structure.

In certain embodiments, crystalline structures in this disclosure can be identified by having one or more characteristics peaks in an XRPD spectrum, as disclosed herein.

In some embodiments, crystalline structures in this disclosure have one or more characteristics endothermic peaks in differential scanning calorimetry, as disclosed herein.

In certain embodiments, methods of preparing and/or interconverting one or more crystalline forms of RAD1901-2HCl are provided. Further embodiments describe the conversion to, and preservation of a crystalline form of RAD1901-2HCl that has desired stability under expected storage conditions.

Certain embodiments disclosed herein provide a solid form of RAD1901-2HCl, having an X-ray powder diffraction pattern comprising a peak, in terms of 2θ, at 7.1 degrees 2θ±0.2 degrees 2θ at about relative humidity 0%, e.g., Form 1.

Certain embodiments disclosed herein provide a solid form of RAD1901-2HCl, having an X-ray powder diffraction pattern comprising a peak, in terms of 2θ, at 7.1 degrees 2θ±0.2 degrees 2θ, and/or 14.3 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ at about relative humidity 0%, e.g., Form 1.

Certain embodiments disclosed herein provide a solid form of RAD1901-2HCl, having an X-Ray powder diffraction pattern comprising at least two peaks, in terms of 2-theta, selected from the group consisting of 7.1 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 14.3 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ and 18.3 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ at about relative humidity 0%, e.g., Form 1.

Certain embodiments disclosed herein provide a solid form of RAD1901-2HCl, having an X-Ray powder diffraction pattern comprising at least three peaks, in terms of 2-theta, selected from the group consisting of 7.1 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 14.3 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 18.3 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 13.8 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ and 12.0 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, at about relative humidity 0%, e.g., Form 1.

Certain embodiments disclosed herein provide a solid form of RAD1901-2HCl, having an X-Ray powder diffraction pattern comprising at least four peaks, in terms of 2-theta, selected from the group consisting of 7.1 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 14.3 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 18.3 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 13.8 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 12.0 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 25.1 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ and 18.9 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, at about relative humidity 0%, e.g., Form 1.

Certain embodiments disclosed herein provide a solid form of RAD1901-2HCl, having an X-Ray powder diffraction pattern comprising at least five peaks, in terms of 2-theta, selected from the group consisting of 7.1 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 14.3 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 18.3 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 13.8 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 12.0 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 25.1 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 18.9 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 27.2 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ and 11.0 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, at about relative humidity 0%, e.g., Form 1.

Certain embodiments disclosed herein provide a solid form of RAD1901-2HCl, having an X-Ray powder diffraction pattern comprising at least seven peaks, in terms of 2-theta, selected from the group consisting of 7.1 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 14.3 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 18.3 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 13.8 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 12.0 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 25.1 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 18.9 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 27.2 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 11.0 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, and 16.2 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, at about relative humidity 0%, e.g., Form 1.

Certain embodiments disclosed herein provide a solid form of RAD1901-2HCl, having an X-Ray powder diffraction pattern comprising at least eight peaks, in terms of 2-theta, selected from the group consisting of 7.1 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 14.3 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 18.3 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 13.8 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 12.0 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 25.1 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 18.9 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 27.2 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 11.0 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, and 16.2 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, at about relative humidity 0%, e.g., Form 1.

Certain embodiments disclosed herein provide a solid form of RAD1901-2HCl, having an X-Ray powder diffraction pattern comprising at least nine peaks, in terms of 2-theta, selected from the group consisting of 7.1 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 14.3 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 18.3 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 13.8 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 12.0 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 25.1 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 18.9 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 27.2 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 11.0 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, and 16.2 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, at about relative humidity 0%, e.g., Form 1.

Certain embodiments disclosed herein provide a solid form of RAD1901-2HCl, having an X-ray powder diffraction pattern comprising the peaks, in terms of 2-theta, of 7.1 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 14.3 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 18.3 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 13.8 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 12.0 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 25.1 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 18.9 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 27.2 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 11.0 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, and 16.2 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, at about relative humidity 0%, e.g., Form 1.

Certain embodiments disclosed herein provide a solid form (Form 1) having an X-ray powder diffraction pattern substantially as shown in FIG. 4G at about relative humidity 0%.

Certain embodiments disclosed herein provide a solid form of RAD1901-2HCl, having a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) thermogram displaying a melting onset at 218.2° C. and an endothermic peak at 232.1° C., e.g., Form 1.

Certain embodiments disclosed herein provide a solid form of RAD1901-2HCl, having a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) thermogram substantially as shown in the bottom graph of FIG. 8, e.g., Form 1.

Certain embodiments disclosed herein provide a solid form of RAD1901-2HCl, having a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) substantially as shown in the top graph of FIG. 8, e.g., Form 1.

Certain embodiments disclosed herein provide a solid form of RAD1901 as disclosed herein (e.g., Form 1) wherein said solid form comprises at least 1% w/w of a total sample of RAD1901-2HCl.

Certain embodiments disclosed herein provide a composition comprising RAD1901 wherein at least 5% w/w of the total amount of RAD1901 is a solid form of RAD1901 as disclosed herein (e.g., Form 1).

Certain embodiments disclosed herein provide a composition comprising RAD1901 wherein at least 10% w/w of the total amount of RAD1901 is a solid form of RAD1901 as disclosed herein (e.g., Form 1).

Certain embodiments disclosed herein provide a composition comprising RAD1901 wherein at least 25% w/w of the total amount of RAD1901 is a solid form of RAD1901 as disclosed herein (e.g., Form 1).

Certain embodiments disclosed herein provide a composition comprising RAD1901 wherein at least 50% w/w of the total amount of RAD1901 is a solid form of RAD1901 as disclosed herein (e.g., Form 1).

Certain embodiments disclosed herein provide a composition comprising RAD1901 wherein at least 90% w/w of the total amount of RAD1901 is a solid form of RAD1901 as disclosed herein (e.g., Form 1).

Certain embodiments disclosed herein provide a composition comprising RAD1901 wherein at least 95% w/w of the total amount of RAD1901 is a solid form of RAD1901 as disclosed herein (e.g., Form 1).

Certain embodiments disclosed herein provide a composition comprising RAD1901 wherein at least 98% w/w of the total amount of RAD1901 is a solid form of RAD1901 as disclosed herein (e.g., Form 1).

Certain embodiments disclosed herein provide a composition comprising RAD1901 wherein at least 99% w/w of the total amount of RAD1901 is a solid form of RAD1901 as disclosed herein (e.g., Form 1).

Certain embodiments disclosed herein provide a pharmaceutical composition comprising Form 1 in any of its specified embodiments and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.

Certain embodiments disclosed herein provide a solid form of RAD1901-2HCl having an X-Ray powder diffraction pattern comprising a peak, in terms of 2-theta, at 6.3 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ at about relative humidity 0%, e.g., Form 2.

Certain embodiments disclosed herein provide a solid form of RAD1901-2HCl, having an X-ray powder diffraction pattern comprising a peak, in terms of 2-theta, at 6.3 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, and/or 12.5 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ at about relative humidity 0%, e.g., Form 2.

Certain embodiments disclosed herein provide a solid form of RAD1901-2HCl, having an X-ray powder diffraction pattern comprising at least two peaks, in terms of 2-theta, selected from the group consisting of 6.3 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 12.5 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, and 15.4 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, at about relative humidity 0%, e.g., Form 2.

Certain embodiments disclosed herein provide a solid form of RAD1901-2HCl, having an X-ray powder diffraction pattern comprising at least two peaks, in terms of 2-theta, selected from the group consisting of 6.3 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 12.5 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, and 15.4 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, at about relative humidity 0%, e.g., Form 2.

Certain embodiments disclosed herein provide a solid form of RAD1901-2HCl, having an X-ray powder diffraction pattern comprising at least three peaks, in terms of 2-theta, selected from the group consisting of 6.3 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 12.5 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 15.4 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 18.3 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, and 13.4 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, at about relative humidity 0%, e.g., Form 2.

Certain embodiments disclosed herein provide a solid form of RAD1901-2HCl, having an X-ray powder diffraction pattern substantially as shown in FIG. 5H at about relative humidity 0%, e.g., Form 2.

Certain embodiments disclosed herein provide a pharmaceutical composition comprising a solid form of RAD1901-2HCl disclosed herein (e.g., Form 2), and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.

In some embodiments, a solid form RAD1901-2HCl is a crystalline mixture comprising less than 1% Form 2.

In certain embodiments, a solid form RAD1901-2HCl is a crystalline mixture comprising more than 0.1% of Form 2 but less than 2%.

In some embodiments, a solid form RAD1901-2HCl comprises at least 10% Form 2.

In some embodiments, a solid form RAD1901-2HCl comprises at least 25% Form 2.

In some embodiments, a solid form RAD1901-2HCl comprises at least 50% Form 2.

In some embodiments, a solid form RAD1901-2HCl comprises at least 75% Form 2.

In some embodiments, a solid form RAD1901-2HCl comprises at least 95% Form 2.

In some embodiments, a solid form RAD1901-2HCl comprises at least 97% Form 2.

In some embodiments, a solid form RAD1901-2HCl comprises at least 99% Form 2.

Certain embodiments disclosed herein provide a solid, hydrated form of RAD1901-2HCl, e.g., Form 3. In some embodiments the solid hydrated form of RAD1901-2HCl is a dihydrate.

Certain embodiments disclosed herein provide a solid, hydrated form of RAD1901-2HCl having an X-Ray powder diffraction comprising a peak, in terms of 2-theta, at 5.8 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ at about relative 92%, e.g., Form 3.

Certain embodiments disclosed herein provide a solid hydrated form of RAD901-2HCl having an X-ray powder diffraction pattern comprising a peak, in terms of 2-theta, at 5.8 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, and/or 21.3 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, at about relative humidity 92%, e.g., Form 3.

Certain embodiments disclosed herein provide a solid hydrated form of RAD1901-2HCl having an X-ray powder diffraction pattern comprising at least two peaks, in terms of 2-theta, selected from the group consisting of 5.8 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 21.3 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, and 24.8 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, at about relative humidity 92%, e.g., Form 3.

Certain embodiments disclosed herein provide a solid hydrated form of RAD1901-2HCl having an X-Ray powder diffraction pattern comprising at least three peaks, in terms of 2-theta, selected from the group consisting of 5.8 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 21.3 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 24.8 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 23.3 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, and 9.5 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, at about relative humidity 92%, e.g., Form 3.

Certain embodiments disclosed herein provide a solid hydrated form of RAD1901-2HCl having an X-Ray powder diffraction pattern comprising at least four peaks, in terms of 2-theta, selected from the group consisting of 5.8 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 21.3 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 24.8 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 23.3 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, and 9.5 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, at about relative humidity 92%, e.g., Form 3.

Certain embodiments disclosed herein provide a solid form of RAD1901-2HCl that is amorphous.

Certain embodiments disclosed herein provide one or more crystalline and/or amorphous form of RAD1901-2HCl dispersed into a matrix.

Certain embodiments are disclosed comprising a dosage form of RAD1901-2HCl comprising 50 gm, 100 mg, 200 mg, 300 mg, 400 mg, 500 mg, or 600 mg of RAD1901-2HCl in one or more crystalline and/or amorphous forms, wherein said one or more crystalline and/or amorphous forms are dispersed in a solid or liquid matrix.

II. Pharmaceutical Compositions and/or Formulas of Polymorphic Forms of RAD1901-2HCl

Provided herein are pharmaceutical compositions comprising one or more polymorphous and/or amorphous forms of RAD1901-2HCl disclosed herein, and a physiologically acceptable carrier (also referred to as a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or solution or diluent). Such carriers and solutions include pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates of compounds used in the methods of the instant invention, and mixtures comprising two or more of such compounds, pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds and pharmaceutically acceptable solvates of the compounds. Such compositions are prepared in accordance with acceptable pharmaceutical procedures such as described in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, 17th edition, ed. Alfonso R. Gennaro, Mack Publishing Company, Eaton, Pa. (1985), which is incorporated herein by reference.

The term “pharmaceutically acceptable carrier” refers to a carrier that does not cause an allergic reaction or other untoward effect in a subject to whom it is administered and are compatible with the other ingredients in the formulation. Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers include, for example, pharmaceutical diluents, excipients or carriers suitably selected with respect to the intended form of administration, and consistent with conventional pharmaceutical practices. For example, solid carriers/diluents include, but are not limited to, a gum, a starch (e.g., corn starch, pregelatinized starch), a sugar (e.g., lactose, mannitol, sucrose, dextrose), a cellulosic material (e.g., microcrystalline cellulose), an acrylate (e.g., polymethylacrylate), calcium carbonate, magnesium oxide, talc, or mixtures thereof. Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers may further comprise minor amounts of auxiliary substances such as wetting or emulsifying agents, preservatives or buffers, which enhance the shelf life or effectiveness of the therapeutic agent.

The term “patient” refers to a human subject.

The one or more polymorphous and/or amorphous forms of RAD1901-2HCl disclosed herein and pharmaceutical composition thereof may be formulated into unit dosage forms, meaning physically discrete units suitable as unitary dosage for subjects undergoing treatment, with each unit containing a predetermined quantity of active material calculated to produce the desired therapeutic effect, optionally in association with a suitable pharmaceutical carrier. The unit dosage form can be for a single daily dose or one of multiple daily doses (e.g., about 1 to 4 or more times per day). When multiple daily doses are used, the unit dosage form can be the same or different for each dose. In certain embodiments, the compounds may be formulated for controlled release.

The one or more polymorphous and/or amorphous forms of RAD1901-2HCl disclosed herein and pharmaceutical composition thereof may be formulated according to any available conventional method. Examples of preferred dosage forms include a tablet, a powder, a subtle granule, a granule, a coated tablet, a capsule, a syrup, a troche, and the like. In the formulation, generally used additives such as a diluent, a binder, an disintegrant, a lubricant, a colorant, a flavoring agent, and if necessary, a stabilizer, an emulsifier, an absorption enhancer, a surfactant, a pH adjuster, an antiseptic, an antioxidant and the like can be used. In addition, the formulation is also carried out by combining compositions that are generally used as a raw material for pharmaceutical formulation, according to the conventional methods. Examples of these compositions include, for example, (1) an oil such as a soybean oil, a beef tallow and synthetic glyceride; (2) hydrocarbon such as liquid paraffin, squalane and solid paraffin; (3) ester oil such as octyldodecyl myristic acid and isopropyl myristic acid; (4) higher alcohol such as cetostearyl alcohol and behenyl alcohol; (5) a silicon resin; (6) a silicon oil; (7) a surfactant such as polyoxyethylene fatty acid ester, sorbitan fatty acid ester, glycerin fatty acid ester, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ester, a solid polyoxyethylene castor oil and polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene block co-polymer; (8) water soluble macromolecule such as hydroxyethyl cellulose, polyacrylic acid, carboxyvinyl polymer, polyethyleneglycol, polyvinylpyrrolidone and methylcellulose; (9) lower alcohol such as ethanol and isopropanol; (10) multivalent alcohol such as glycerin, propyleneglycol, dipropyleneglycol and sorbitol; (11) a sugar such as glucose and cane sugar; (12) an inorganic powder such as anhydrous silicic acid, aluminum magnesium silicicate and aluminum silicate; (13) purified water, and the like. Additives for use in the above formulations may include, for example, 1) lactose, corn starch, sucrose, glucose, mannitol, sorbitol, crystalline cellulose and silicon dioxide as the diluent; 2) polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl ether, methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, gum arabic, tragacanth, gelatin, shellac, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polypropylene glycol-poly oxyethylene-block co-polymer, meglumine, calcium citrate, dextrin, pectin and the like as the binder; 3) starch, agar, gelatin powder, crystalline cellulose, calcium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, calcium citrate, dextrin, pectic, carboxymethylcellulose/calcium and the like as the disintegrant; 4) magnesium stearate, talc, polyethyleneglycol, silica, condensed plant oil and the like as the lubricant; 5) any colorants whose addition is pharmaceutically acceptable is adequate as the colorant; 6) cocoa powder, menthol, aromatizer, peppermint oil, cinnamon powder as the flavoring agent; 7) antioxidants whose addition is pharmaceutically accepted such as ascorbic acid or alpha-tophenol.

Some embodiments disclosed herein provide a pharmaceutical dosage form comprising RAD1901-2HCl Form 1 in an amount of 50 gm, 100 mg, 200 mg, 300 mg, 400 mg, 500 mg, or 600 mg.

Certain embodiments disclosed herein provide a drug dosage form as a tablet comprising 50 gm, 100 mg, 200 mg, 300 mg, 400 mg, 500 mg, or 600 mg RAD1901-2HCl crystalline Form 1. In certain embodiments, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 98%, or at least 99.5% of RAD1901 in the table is RAD1901-2HCl crystalline Form 1.

Certain embodiments disclosed herein provide a pharmaceutical composition comprising 50 gm, 100 mg, 200 mg, 300 mg, 400 mg, 500 mg, or 600 mg of a solid form of RAD1901-2HCl disclosed herein (e.g., comprising Form 2 and/or Form 3), and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.

In certain embodiments, a pharmaceutical dosage form comprises Form 2 as disclosed herein.

III. Use of the Polymorphic Forms of RAD1901-2HCl

Provided herein are methods of treating and/or preventing one or more conditions of a subject that can benefit from administration of RAD1901, the methods comprise administering to the subject with therapeutically effective amount of one or more polymorphic forms of RAD1901-2HCl disclosed herein, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof.

In certain embodiments, the one or more conditions treated/prevented by the methods disclosed herein are breast, uterus, and ovary tumors and/or cancers having overexpression of estrogen receptors, and metastatic cancer and/or tumor. In certain embodiments, the cancer and/or tumor treated in the methods disclosed herein are resistant ER-driven cancers or tumors, (e.g. having mutant ER binding domains (e.g. ERα comprising one or more mutations including, but not limited to, Y537X₁ wherein X₁ is S, N, or C, D538G, L536X₂ wherein X₂ is R or Q, P535H, V534E, S463P, V392I, E380Q and combinations thereof), overexpressors of the ERs or tumor and/or cancer proliferation becomes ligand independent, or tumors and/or cancers that progress after endocrinological treatment, such as with treatment of SERD (e.g., fulvestrant, TAS-108 (SR16234), ZK191703, RU58668, GDC-0810 (ARN-810), GW5638/DPC974, SRN-927, and AZD9496), aromatase inhibitor (e.g., anastrozole, exemestane, and letrozole), selective estrogen receptor modulators (e.g., tamoxifen, raloxifene, lasofoxifene, and/or toremifene), Her2 inhibitors (e.g., trastuzumab, lapatinib, ado-trastuzumab emtansine, and/or pertuzumab), chemo therapy (e.g., abraxane, adriamycin, carboplatin, cytoxan, daunorubicin, doxil, ellence, fluorouracil, gemzar, helaven, lxempra, methotrexate, mitomycin, micoxantrone, navelbine, taxol, taxotere, thiotepa, vincristine, and xeloda), angiogenesis inhibitor (e.g., bevacizumab), cdk4/6 inhibitors, m-TOR inhibitors and/or rituximab.

Provided herein are methods of modulating estrogen receptors of a subject, the methods comprise administering to the subject with therapeutically effective amount of one or more polymorphic forms of RAD1901-2HCl disclosed herein, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof; and the one or more polymorphic forms of RAD1901-2HCl disclosed herein demonstrate an estrogen-like action in the central nervous system, bone tissue and lipid metabolism, and/or estrogen antagonism in a reproductive organ and a mammary gland.

A therapeutically effective amount of the one of more polymorphic forms of RAD1901-2HCl for use in the methods disclosed herein is an amount that, when administered over a particular time interval, results in achievement of one or more therapeutic benchmarks (e.g., slowing or halting of tumor growth, cessation of symptoms, etc.). The skilled artisan can readily determine this amount, on either an individual subject basis (e.g., the amount of the one of more polymorphic forms of RAD1901-2HCl necessary to achieve a particular therapeutic benchmark in the subject being treated) or a population basis (e.g., the amount of the one of more polymorphic forms of RAD1901-2HCl necessary to achieve a particular therapeutic benchmark in the average subject from a given population). Ideally, the therapeutically effective amount does not exceed the maximum tolerated dosage at which 50% or more of treated subjects experience nausea or other toxicity reactions that prevent further drug administrations. A therapeutically effective amount may vary for a subject depending on a variety of factors, including variety and extent of the symptoms, sex, age, body weight, or general health of the subject, administration mode and salt or solvate type, variation in susceptibility to the drug, the specific type of the disease, and the like.

The one of more polymorphic forms of RAD1901-2HCl or the pharmaceutical composition thereof for use in the presently disclosed methods may be administered to a subject one time or multiple times. In those embodiments wherein the compounds are administered multiple times, they may be administered at a set interval, e.g., daily, every other day, weekly, or monthly. Alternatively, they can be administered at an irregular interval, for example on an as-needed basis based on symptoms, patient health, and the like.

Some embodiments disclosed herein provide a method of treating ER+ breast cancer comprising a daily administration of 400 mg of RAD1901-2HCl crystalline Form 1 in a dosage form wherein said dosage form is a tablet or capsule and said administration is oral.

Some embodiments disclosed herein provide a method of treating ER+ breast cancer in a subject, wherein: the ER+ breast cancer is resistant to one or more endocrinological therapies or the subject has progressed after prior treatment with one or more endocrinological therapies; the treatment comprises a daily administration of 400 mg of RAD1901-2HCl crystalline Form 1 in a dosage form; and the dosage form is a tablet or capsule and said administration is oral.

Some embodiments disclosed herein provide a method of treating ER+ breast cancer in a subject wherein: the ER+ breast cancer is resistant to one or more endocrinological therapies or the subject has progressed after prior treatment with one or more endocrinological therapies; the treatment comprises a first administration of 400 mg daily of RAD1901-2HCl crystalline Form 1 in a dosage form; the dosage form is a tablet or capsule; the administration is oral; the administration of RAD1901-2HCl crystalline Form 1 is in combination with a second administration of a cdk4/6 inhibitor and/or an m-TOR inhibitor; and the second administration is an administration method suitable for the cdk4/6 inhibitor and/or m-TOR inhibitor.

Some embodiments disclosed herein provide a method of treating ER+ breast cancer in a subject wherein: the ER+ breast cancer is resistant to one or more endocrinological therapies or the subject has progressed after prior treatment with one or more endocrinological therapies; the treatment comprises a first administration of 400 mg daily of RAD1901-2HCl crystalline Form 1 in a dosage form; the dosage form is a tablet or capsule; the administration is oral; and the first administrati is in combination with a second administration of palbociclib, ribociclib, abemaciclib and/or everolimus.

Some embodiments disclosed herein provide a method of treating ER+ breast cancer in a subject wherein: the ER+ breast cancer is resistant to one or more cdk4/6 inhibitors and/or m-TOR inhibitors; the treatment comprises a daily administration of 400 mg of RAD1901-2HCl crystalline Form 1 in a dosage form; the dosage form is a tablet or capsule; and the administration is oral.

Certain embodiments disclosed herein provide a method of treating breast cancer comprising an administration to a subject in need thereof a crystalline form of RAD1901-2HCl (e.g., Form 1 as disclosed herein). In some embodiments, the breast cancer is ER+.

Certain embodiments disclosed herein provide a method of treating ovarian cancer comprising an administration to a subject in need thereof RAD1901-2HCl (Form 1). In some embodiments, the ovarian cancer is ER+.

In some embodiments, provided herein is a method of treating ER+ breast cancer comprising an administration of a dosage form comprising one or more crystalline forms of RAD1901-2HCl as disclosed herein.

In some embodiments, the manufacture of a medicament useful for treating a subject in need with RAD1901-2HCl is provided herein, wherein the medicament comprises one or more crystalline and/or amorphous forms of RAD1901-2HCl as disclosed herein.

IV. Preparation of the Polymorphic Forms of RAD1901-2HCl

Provided herein are methods for preparing Forms 1, 2 and 3 of RAD1901-2HCl disclosed herein.

In certain embodiments, RAD1901-2HCl can be prepared by treating a RAD1901 solution in an organic solvent (e.g., EtOH, EtOAc, and mixtures thereof) with at least 2 eq. of HCl (e.g., in EtOH). In certain embodiments, a RAD1901-2HCl solution can be further concentrated, treated with an organic solvent (e.g., EtOAc), and filtered to provide RAD1901 as its bis-HCl salt, suitable for further processing according to the methods of form conversion provided in this disclosure.

In certain embodiments, Form 1 can be prepared by treating RAD1901-2HCl with an organic solvent substantially free of methanol (e.g., less than 5%, less than 4%, less than 3%, less than 2%, less than 1%, or less than 0.5% of the organic solvent is methanol) with relatively low water content (e.g., less than 5% v/v). In certain embodiments, Form 1 can be prepared by treating RAD1901-2HCl with an organic solvent (e.g., EtOH, etc.) with relatively low water content (e.g., less than 5% v/v) and then with another organic solvent in which RAD1901-2HCl has a lower solubility (e.g., esters such as EtOAc, etc.). As used herein, unless otherwise specified, an organic solvent may be a single organic solvent or a mixture of multiple organic solvents.

Certain embodiments disclosed herein provide methods of preparing Form 1 of RAD1901-2HCl comprising precipitating from a solution comprising RAD1901-2HCl and a solvent, or slurrying RAD1901-2HCl in a solvent, wherein the solvent comprises an organic solvent substantially free of methanol, and the content of water is at or below 5% v/v. In some embodiments, the organic solvent is selected from the group consisting of n-heptane, propyl acetate, ethyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, MIBK, MEK, 1-propanol, ethanol, TBME, 1,4-dioxane, toluene, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, tetrahydrofuran, dichloromethane, acetonitrile, nitromethane, and mixtures thereof.

In certain embodiments, Form 2, Form 3, or combinations thereof can be prepared by treating RAD1901-2HCl with an organic solvent containing water and/or methanol. In certain embodiments, Form 2, Form 3, or combinations thereof can be prepared by treating RAD1901-2HCl with an organic solvent containing water and/or methanol, and then with another organic solvent in which RAD1901-2HCl has a lower solubility (e.g., esters such as EtOAc, etc.). Form 3 can be preferably prepared via using solvents having a water content of 5% or higher. In certain embodiments, Form 2 can be prepared using MeOH with a water content of about 1% to about 2%.

In certain embodiments, methods for preparing Form 1 of RAD1901-2HCl comprises heating a composition comprising Form 2, Form 3, or combinations thereof at a temperature above 175° C. for a period of time sufficient for the conversion at a RH of about 90% or lower, about 85% or lower, about 80% or lower, about 75% or lower, about 70% or lower, about 65% or lower, about 60% or lower, about 55% or lower, about 50% or lower, about 45% or lower, or about 40% or lower.

In certain embodiments, methods of preparing Form 2 of RAD1901-2HCl comprises exposing a composition comprising Form 3 thereof to a RH of about 0% for a period of time sufficient for the conversion (e.g., 6 h at 0% RH).

In certain embodiments, methods of preparing Form 3 of RAD1901-2HCl comprises exposing a composition comprising Form 2, Form 3, or combinations thereof to a RH of about 40% or higher for a period of time sufficient for the conversion (e.g., about 2 weeks at RH 40%).

In certain embodiments, methods of preparing Form 3 of RAD1901-2HCl comprises exposing a composition comprising Form 1 to a RH of about 90% or higher for a period of time sufficient for the conversion (e.g., 1 week at 90% RH).

EXAMPLES

Instrument and Methodology

A. X-Ray Powder Diffraction (XRPD)

Two x-ray diffractometer instruments were used to collect X-ray diffraction patterns as described below.

A1. Bruker AXS C2 GADDS

X-Ray Powder Diffraction patterns were collected on a Bruker AXS C2 GADDS diffractometer using Cu Kα radiation (40 kV, 40 mA), automated XYZ stage, laser video microscope for auto-sample positioning and a HiStar 2-dimensional area detector. X-ray optics consists of a single Göbel multilayer mirror coupled with a pinhole collimator of 0.3 mm. A weekly performance check was carried out using a certified standard NIST 1976 Corundum (flat plate).

The beam divergence, i.e. the effective size of the X-ray beam on the sample, was approximately 4 mm. A θ-θ continuous scan mode was employed with a sample—detector distance of 20 cm which gave an effective 2θ range of 3.2°-29.7°. Typically, the sample was exposed to the X-ray beam for 120 seconds. The software used for data collection was GADDS for XP/2000 4.1.43 and the data were analyzed and presented using Diffrac Plus EVA v15.0.0.0.

A1-1) Ambient Conditions

Samples run under ambient conditions were prepared as flat plate specimens using powder as received without grinding. A sample was lightly pressed on a glass slide to obtain a flat surface.

A1-2) Non-Ambient Conditions

Samples run under non-ambient conditions were mounted on a silicon wafer with a heat-conducting compound. The sample was then heated from ambient to the appropriate temperature at 20° C./min and subsequently held isothermally for 1 minute before data collection was initiated. The sample was observed to melt during the experiment and recrystallized upon continued heated above this temperature.

A2. Bruker AXS D8 Advance

X-Ray Powder Diffraction patterns were collected on a Bruker D8 diffractometer using Cu Kα radiation (40 kV, 40 mA), θ-2θ goniometer, and divergence of V4 and receiving slits, a Ge monochromator and a Lynxeye detector. The instrument was performance checked using a certified Corundum standard (NIST 1976). The software used for data collection was Diffrac Plus XRD Commander v2.6.1 and the data were analyzed and presented using Diffrac Plus EVA v15.0.0.0.

A2-1) Ambient Conditions

Samples run under ambient conditions as flat plate specimens using powder as received. The sample was gently packed into a cavity, cut into polished, zero-background (510) silicon wafer. The sample was rotated in its own plane during analysis. The data were collected in an angular range of 2 to 42° 2θ, with a step size of 0.05° 2θ, and a collection time of 0.5 sec/step.

A2-2) Non-Ambient Conditions

Samples run under non-ambient conditions were prepared by gently packing into a cavity, cut into a silicon wafer to obtain a flat surface and mounted onto a humidity stage with an Ansyco controller and humidity sensor positioned directly next to the sample holder. The data were collected at 298.15 K with water temperature of 35.0° C., in an angular range of 3 to 31° 2θ, with a step size of 0.025° 2θ, a collection time of 2.0 sec/step, and a collection time at each % RH was 41 min 28 sec.

X-Ray Powder Diffraction (XRPD) patterns were collected at variable humidity values from 0 to 95% RH, based upon the humidity behavior of each compound observed during GVS experiments (described herein). For each Variable Humidity X-Ray Powder Diffraction (VH-XRPD) experiment performed, the % RH values selected are provided alongside the relevant experimental result. Full tables of detailing the % RH value at each collection point and the associated delay time at each value are provided in Tables 10-12.

Unless stated otherwise, listed 2θ values in this disclosure are +/−0.2 degrees 2θ.

B. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR): ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR

NMR spectra were collected on a Bruker 400 MHz instrument equipped with an autosampler and controlled by a DRX400 console. Automated experiments were acquired using ICON-NMR v4.0.7 running with Topspin v1.3 using the standard Bruker loaded experiments. For non-routine spectroscopy, data were acquired through the use of Topspin alone. Samples were prepared in DMSO-d6. Off-line analysis was carried out using ACD Spectrus Processor 2014.

C. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)

DSC data were collected on a TA Instruments Q2000 equipped with a 50 position autosampler. The calibration for thermal capacity was carried out using sapphire and the calibration for energy and temperature was carried out using certified indium. Each sample (e.g., 1 mg, 2 mg), in a pin-holed aluminum pan, was heated at 10° C./min from 25° C. to 300° C. A purge of dry nitrogen at 50 ml/min was maintained over the sample. Modulated temperature DSC was carried out using an underlying heating rate of 1 or 2° C./min and temperature modulation parameters of ±0.318 or 0.636° C. (amplitude) respectively, every 60 seconds (period).

The instrument control software was Advantage for Q Series v2.8.0.394 and Thermal Advantage v5.5.3 and the data were analyzed using Universal Analysis v4.5A.

Unless stated otherwise, listed DSC temperatures are +/−3° C.

D. Thermo-Gravimetric Analysis (TGA)

TGA data were collected on a TA Instruments Q500 TGA, equipped with a 16 position autosampler. The instrument was temperature calibrated using certified Alumel and Nickel. Each sample (e.g., 5 mg) was loaded onto a pre-tared aluminum DSC pan and heated at 10° C./min from ambient temperature to 300° C. A nitrogen purge at 60 ml/min was maintained over the sample.

The instrument control software was Advantage for Q Series v2.5.0.256 and Thermal Advantage v5.5.3 and the data were analyzed using Universal Analysis v4.5A.

E. Polarized Light Microscopy (PLM)

Samples were studied on a Nikon SMZ1500 polarized light microscope with a digital video camera connected to a DS Camera control unit DS-L2 for image capture. A small amount of each sample was placed on a glass slide, mounted in immersion oil, the individual particles being separated as well as possible. The sample was viewed with appropriate magnification and partially polarized light, coupled to a λ false-color filter.

F. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)

Data were collected on a Phenom Pro Scanning Electron Microscope. A small quantity of sample was mounted onto an aluminum stub using conducting double-sided adhesive tape. A thin layer of gold was applied using a sputter coater (20 mA, 120 s).

G. Water Determination by Karl Fischer Titration (KF)

The water content of each sample was measured on a Metrohm 874 Oven Sample Processor at 200° C. with 851 Titrano Coulometer using Hydranal Coulomat AG oven reagent and nitrogen purge. Weighed solid samples were introduced into a sealed sample vial. Approx 10 mg of sample was used per titration and duplicate determinations were made. Data collection and analysis using Tiamo v2.2.

H. Chemical Purity Determination by HPLC

Purity analysis was performed on an Agilent HP1100 series system equipped with a diode array detector (255 nM with 90 nM bandwidth) and using ChemStation software vB.04.03. Samples were prepared as 0.4-0.6 mg/mL in acetonitrile:water 1:1 solution. HPLC analysis was performed on a Supelco Ascentic Express C18 reversed-phase column (100×4.6 mm, 2.7 μm) with gradient elution shown in Table 1 at a flow rate of 2 mL/min. The column temperature was 25° C.; and each sample injection was 2 or 3 μL.

TABLE 1 HPLC Gradient Elution Time % Phase A % Phase B (min) (0.1% TFA in water) (0.085% TFA in acetonitrile) 0 95 5 6 5 95 6.2 95 5 8 95 5

I. Gravimetric Vapour Sorption (GVS)

Sorption isotherms were obtained using a SMS DVS Intrinsic moisture sorption analyzer, controlled by DVS Intrinsic Control software v1.0.1.2 (or v 1.0.1.3). The sample temperature was maintained at 25° C. by the instrument controls. The humidity was controlled by mixing streams of dry and wet nitrogen, with a total flow rate of 200 ml/min. The relative humidity was measured by a calibrated Rotronic probe (dynamic range of 1.0-100% RH), located near the sample. The weight change, (mass relaxation) of the sample as a function of % RH was constantly monitored by the microbalance (accuracy±0.005 mg).

A sample (e.g., 20 mg) was placed in a tared mesh stainless steel basket under ambient conditions. The sample was loaded and unloaded at 40% RH and 25° C. (typical room conditions). A moisture sorption isotherm was performed as outlined below (2 scans giving 1 complete cycle). Standard isotherms were performed at 25° C. at 10% RH intervals over a 0-90% RH range. Data analysis was carried out using Microsoft Excel using DVS Analysis Suite v6.2 (or 6.1 or 6.0).

In a cycle of 2 scans, the first scan was performed with adsorption of 40-90% RH, followed by a second scan with desorption of 90-0% RH and adsorption of 0-40% RH, with intervals of 10% RH, at 25° C. with stability dm/dt of 0.002% ° C./min. The sorption time was 6 hr time out.

The sample was recovered after completion of the isotherm and re-analyzed by XRPD. Custom moisture sorption methods were also performed at 25° C. at fixed % RH intervals over a 0-95% RH range, with the purpose to fully understand the sorption/desorption behavior of the compound under elevated conditions. The custom method performed for each GVS experiment was provided in Tables 2-4 below.

TABLE 2 Custom GVS method at high % RH (HighRH, Steps 1 and 2) and Single Cycle GVS method at high % RH (HighRH_Desorp_3, Steps 1, 2, 3, and 4) Steps Parameter 1 2 3 4 Adsorption/Desorption 40-80 90, 95 90-0 0-40 Intervals (% RH) 10    — 10    10    Sorption time 6 hr Held at 6 hr 6 hr time out each RH time out time out for 800 mins Stability dm/dt 0.002 — 0.002 0.002 (% ° C./min)

TABLE 3 Custom Double Cycle GVS method (HighRH_DoubleCycle_2) Steps Parameter 1 2 3 4 5 6 Adsorption/Desorption 40-80 90 95 90-0 0 0-40 Intervals (% RH) 10    — — 10    — 10    Sorption time 6 hr Held at Held for 6 hr Held 6 hr time out each RH 1,600 time out for 800 time out for 800 mins mins mins Stability dm/dt 0.002 — — 0.002 — 0.002 (% ° C./min)

TABLE 4 Custom Double Cycle GVS method (P2803-J06994_3) Steps Parameter 1 2 3 4 5 Adsorption/Desorption 40-80 90-95 90-0 0 0-40 Intervals (% RH) 10    — 10    — 10    Sorption time 6 hr Held at 6 hr Held 6 hr time out each RH time out for 800 time out for 800 mins mins Stability dm/dt 0.002 — 0.002 — 0.002 (% ° C./min)

J. Ion Chromatography (IC)

Data were collected on a Metrohm 930 Compact IC Flex with 858 Professional autosampler and 800 Dosino dosage unit monitor, using IC MagicNet software v3.1. Accurately weighed samples were prepared as stock solutions in an appropriate dissolving solution and diluted appropriately prior to testing. Quantification was achieved by comparison with standard solutions of known concentration of the ion being analyzed. IC method for anion chromatography was performed on a Metrosep A Supp 5-150 IC column (4.0×150 mm) at ambient temperature and a flow rate of 0.7 mL/min with injections of various μL. The eluent used was 3.2 mM sodium carbonate, 1.0 mM sodium hydrogen carbonate in a 5% acetone aqueous solution. A conductivity detector was used for detection.

Example 1. Preparation and Characterization of Crystalline Forms 1, 2, and 3 of RAD1901-2HCl

RAD1901 in EtOH was added to EtOAc and the resultant mixture was heated until dissolution. The solution was cooled to approximately 20° C. and treated with 2.1 eq HCl in EtOH. The solution was concentrated and the resultant mixture was treated with EtOAc at approximately 20° C. and filtered to yield RAD1901 as its bis-HCl salt, suitable for further processing according to the methods of form conversion provided in this disclosure.

Two samples of RAD1901-2HCl, Samples 1 and 2, were prepared. Sample 1 was prepared by dissolving RAD1901-2HCl in a mixture of water and ethanol (1.5:19). The water content was reduced to <0.5% by azeotropic distillation and the concentrated solution was diluted with ethyl acetate. The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for at least 2 hours and then the solid was collected by filtration. Sample 2 was prepared by dissolving RAD1901-2HCl in methanol. Ethyl acetate was added to the solution and the resulting mixture was stirred for at least 1 hour at ambient temperature. The solid was collected by filtration.

Samples 1 and 2 were characterized by XRPD at various conditions. XRPD patterns were collected for the samples at ambient condition as the samples were provided; at variable temperature (VT-XRPD); at variable humidity (VH-XRPD); after the samples were exposed to 40° C./75% RH for 1 week and 25° C./97% RH for 1 week, respectively; and after a GVS measurement wherein the samples were exposed to 0-90% RH. Samples 1 and 2 were also characterized by ¹H NMR, TGA, DSC, KF, IC, GVS (exposed to 0-90% RH), PLM, SEM, and HPLC (Table 5).

Characterizations of Sample 1 (majorly Form 1) and Sample 2 (mixture of Form 2 and Form 3) show that Form 1 was stable, had lower hygroscopicity and better thermal properties than Form 2. Additionally, Form 1 could be converted to the hydrate Form 3 at high RH (>90%) (e.g., for 7 days); Form 3 of RAD1901-2HCl could also be prepared by exposing Form 2 to >40% RH for 7 days; Sample 2 (mixture of Form 2 and Form 3) could be converted to Form 1 when heated at above 175° C. at <90% RH; and Form 2 may also be prepared by exposing Form 3 to <40% RH for 8 hr. Thus, limiting the level of water/humidity in the preparation of RAD1901-2HCl may be beneficial to prepare Form 1 of RAD1901-2HCl. In certain embodiments, the percentage of water present in the preparation method was below 5% v/v and water content was determined by e.g. Karl Fischer titration (KF).

TABLE 5 Characterization of RAD1901-2HCl Samples 1 and 2 Characterization Method Sample/Method Sample 1 Sample 2 HPLC (Purity %, N/A 99.2% AUC 99.2% AUC (FIG. AUC) (FIG. 2A) 3A) ¹H-NMR N/A Consistent with Consistent with structure structure (FIG. 3B) (FIG. 2B) XRPD Ambient condition Crystalline, Crystalline, mixture of Form 1 (FIG. Form 2 and 3 (FIG. 4B) 5A) XRPD Storage at 40° C./75% RH for 1 Form 1 (FIG. Form 3 (FIG. 5B) week 4B) XRPD Storage at 25° C./97% RH for 1 Form 3 Form 3 (FIGS. 5B and week (FIGS. 4B 5C) and 5C) VT-XRPD N/A N/A Anhydrous Form 2 obtained on heating to 100° C. Sample melted ~160° C. and recrystallized as Form 1 above 175° C. (FIG. 5D). VH-XRPD N/A Form 1 Conversion to Form 3 converted to at >90% RH (FIG. Form 3 over 24 5E). Form 2 at 0% RH hr at ~95% RH (FIG. 5F) (FIG. 4C) XRPD post GVS GVS (uptake 0-90% RH) Form 1 (FIG. Mixture of form 2 and 3 4D) (FIG. 5G) XRPD post GVS GVS (HighRH method, FIG. 4E N/A HighRH_Desorp_3 method, Table 2) XRPD post GVS GVS (HighRH_Desorp_3's 1 FIG. 4F N/A cycle and HighRH_Double_Cycle's 2 cycles, Tables 3 and 4) XRPD 0% RH FIG. 4G FIG. 5H (Form 2), (Form 1), FIG. 4H FIG. 4H XRPD 92% RH — FIG. 5I (Form 3), FIG. 4H GVS Uptake 0-90% RH 1.8% wt. 6.7% wt. from 0-40% (reversible) RH; 2.0% wt. from 40- (FIGS. 6A 90% RH (FIGS. 7A and 6B) and 7B) GVS HighRH method, Table 2 FIGS. 6C and N/A 6D GVS HighRH_Desorp_3 method, FIGS. 6E and N/A Table 2 6F GVS HighRH_DoubleCycle_2 FIGS. 6G and N/A method, Tables 3 and 4 6H TGA N/A 0.4% weight 6.1% weight loss loss between between ambient and ambient and 200° C. (FIG. 9, top) 100° C. (FIG. 8 

 , top) DSC N/A Endotherm at Endotherm at 157° C. 218° C. (onset) (onset) 87 J/g (melt), 150.0 J/g (melt) exotherm at 187° C. (FIG. 8, (recryst.), endotherm at bottom) 207° C. (onset) 33 J/g (melt as Form 1) (FIG. 9, bottom) KF N/A 0.7% water 3.9% water (conducted (conducted at at 200° C.) 200° C.) IC N/A 2.0 eq (adjusted 1.9 eq (adjusted for for TGA mass TGA mass loss) loss) PLM N/A Crystalline Crystalline plates plates (FIG. (FIG. 11) 10A) SEM N/A Stacked plates Stacked plates with (FIGS. 12A- cracks (evidence of 12C) desolvation) (FIG.s 13A-13C)

RP-HPLC analysis of Samples 1 and 2 showed 99.2% AUC collected at 255 nm (FIG. 2A for Sample 1, and FIG. 3A for Sample 2). ¹H-NMR of Samples 1 and 2 collected in d₆-DMSO are consistent with RAD1901-2HCl structure (FIG. 2B for Sample 1, and FIG. 3B for Sample 2).

Sample 1 was majorly Form 1 of RAD1901-2HCl having XRPD Pattern 1, FIG. 4G at 0% RH, with peaks summarized in Table 7. Sample 1 showed XRPD pattern slightly different at ambient RH (FIG. 4A, Table 6). Sample 2 was a mixture of Forms 2 and 3 of RAD1901-2HCl. Form 2 showed XRPD Pattern 2 (FIG. 5H, sample 2 at 0% RH, peaks summarized in Table 8) and Form 3 showed XRPD Pattern 3 (FIG. 5I, sample 2 at 92% RH, peaks summarized in Table 9).

TABLE 6 XRPD peaks of Sample 1 at ambient RH (Pattern 1) Angle degrees, Intensity Caption (2θ) (%) 7.1° 7.1 93.1 7.8° 7.8 6.9 8.1° 8.1 4.1 8.6° 8.6 7.2 9.1° 9.1 5.6 11.0° 11.0 20.8 11.1° 11.1 9.2 11.4° 11.4 9.1 12.0° 12.0 30.3 12.1° 12.1 16.5 12.7° 12.7 5.9 13.8° 13.8 39.6 14.2° 14.2 100.0 14.8° 14.8 4.3 15.6° 15.6 3.7 16.1° 16.1 24.3 17.3° 17.3 5.2 17.8° 17.8 12.7 18.4° 18.4 58.5 18.9° 18.9 29.9 19.7° 19.7 16.5 20.2° 20.2 12.9 21.1° 21.1 10.3 22.1° 22.1 13.3 23.0° 23.0 21.9 23.2° 23.2 13.7 23.6° 23.6 16.1 24.0° 24.0 18.0 24.6° 24.6 10.4 25.1° 25.1 43.9 25.7° 25.7 6.7 26.5° 26.5 23.3 27.1° 27.1 30.4 27.3° 27.3 12.8 27.8° 27.8 10.4 28.4° 28.4 14.6 28.7° 28.7 9.6 29.1° 29.1 14.9 29.9° 29.9 24.6 30.3° 30.3 15.3 30.5° 30.5 10.3

TABLE 7 XRPD peaks of Sample 1 at 0% RH (Pattern 1) Angle degrees Intensity Caption (2θ) (%) 7.1° 7.1 100.0 7.7° 7.7 7.9 8.6° 8.6 12.0 9.1° 9.1 10.0 11.0° 11.0 40.9 11.2° 11.2 17.9 11.4° 11.4 18.0 12.0° 12.0 62.0 12.7° 12.7 6.7 13.8° 13.8 67.5 14.3° 14.3 86.4 14.8° 14.8 4.1 15.5° 15.5 4.8 16.2° 16.2 36.3 16.8° 16.8 7.8 17.3° 17.3 7.9 17.8° 17.8 20.1 18.3° 18.3 83.5 18.9° 18.9 47.3 19.7° 19.7 20.5 20.2° 20.2 19.8 20.9° 20.9 7.6 21.2° 21.2 13.6 22.0° 22.0 24.7 23.1° 23.1 30.7 23.6° 23.6 25.3 24.0° 24.0 27.5 24.5° 24.6 15.3 25.1° 25.1 58.4 25.8° 25.8 9.8 26.5° 26.5 31.1 27.2° 27.2 43.4 27.5° 27.5 12.3 27.8° 27.8 12.7 28.5° 28.5 17.6 28.7° 28.7 11.6 29.1° 29.1 21.1 30.0° 30.0 25.8 30.3° 30.3 23.8 30.5° 30.5 16.1

TABLE 8 XRPD peaks of Sample 2 at 0% RH (Pattern 2) Angle degrees Intensity Caption (2θ) (%) 6.3° 6.3 100.0 8.2° 8.3 6.0 9.8° 9.8 19.1 11.5° 11.5 11.5 12.1° 12.1 6.1 12.5° 12.5 32.9 13.4° 13.4 21.7 13.8° 13.8 3.8 14.6° 14.6 2.1 15.4° 15.4 23.5 15.8° 15.8 14.2 17.4° 17.4 13.9 17.8° 17.8 8.0 18.3° 18.3 23.3 18.8° 18.8 13.3 19.9° 19.9 16.1 20.3° 20.3 7.4 21.1° 21.1 13.2 21.5° 21.5 6.3 21.9° 21.9 15.8 22.5° 22.5 14.6 23.0° 23.0 15.1 23.9° 23.9 7.0 24.7° 24.7 10.9 25.0° 25.0 18.2 25.5° 25.5 6.7 26.2° 26.2 9.9 27.0° 27.0 6.2 28.0° 28.0 18.3 29.3° 29.3 4.8 29.9° 29.9 20.4 30.3° 30.3 6.4

TABLE 9 XRPD Peak of Sample 2 at 92% RH (Pattern 3) Angle degrees Intensity Caption (2θ) (%) 5.8° 5.8 100 8.1° 8.1 10 9.5° 9.5 35.2 11.5° 11.5 33.6 12.4° 12.4 29.5 12.6° 12.7 22 13.1° 13.1 34.5 13.6° 13.6 13.1 15.1° 15.1 34.8 16.1° 16.1 16.4 16.9° 16.9 6.7 17.4° 17.4 19 18.0° 18.0 17.5 18.4° 18.4 9.7 18.9° 18.9 19.1 19.9° 19.9 11.4 21.3° 21.3 50.1 21.7° 21.7 27.5 22.4° 22.4 19.3 22.8° 22.8 29.9 23.3° 23.3 40 24.2° 24.2 22.2 24.8° 24.8 41.8 25.4° 25.4 18 26.2° 26.2 19.5 27.4° 27.4 26.9 27.6° 27.6 23.3 28.9° 28.9 11.1 29.3° 29.3 10.2 30.5° 30.5 14.3

Form 1 was stable after storage at 40° C./75% RH for 1 week and after exposure to 0-90% RH in a GVS, as confirmed by unchanged XRPD pattern (Pattern 1) of Form 1 sample pre- and post-GVS. However, Form 1 was converted to Form 3 after storage at 25° C./97% RH for 1 week.

Form 1 was relatively non-hygroscopic between 0 and 90% RH as shown in GVS data (FIGS. 6A-6B). No changes were observed in the XRPD pattern pre- and post-GVS analysis (FIG. 4D).

Form 1 was stable to storage at 40° C./75% RH for 7 days (from XRPD analysis), but storage at 25° C./97% RH for 7 days resulted in conversion towards a hydrated state Form 3 (see FIG. 4B).

An overlay of the new patterns obtained upon storage of Sample 1 and Sample 2 at elevated conditions is provided in FIG. 5C, which are substantially consistent with Form 3. Importantly, this indicates that upon prolonged exposure to high RH, Sample 1 (Form 1) was converted to the hydrate Form 3.

To further explore the humidity behavior of Sample 1 (Form 1) upon exposure to high RH (>90%), custom GVS experiments were designed and carried out. Initially, the sample was treated by holding at 90 and then 95% RH for ˜12 hours to see if hydrate formation could be observed (HighRH method of Steps 1 and 2 of Table 2, FIGS. 6C-6D).

FIGS. 6C-6D (HighRH method of Steps 1 and 2 of Table 2) shows Sample 1 (Form 1) took up 5-6% wt. when held at 95% RH for ˜12 hours, indicating hydrate formation. XRPD analysis of the sample post-GVS experiment (HighRH, red in FIG. 4E) showed significant changes compared to that of Form 1 (black in FIG. 4E), with similarities to both the hydrated state Form 3 and the anhydrous Form 1. FIG. 4E suggested a mixture of states or incomplete conversion from Sample 1 to the hydrate form.

To test the stability of the hydrated state, GVS method HighRR_Desorp_3 was designed with a desorption step and subsequent adsorption (see Table 2 with steps 1-4, FIGS. 6E-6F).

The GVS data in FIGS. 6E-6F shows that the hydrated state (at 95% RH) was stable to desorption until near 0% RH, and upon adsorption from 0 to 40% RH, the sample did not convert back to anhydrous Form 1, but instead irreversibly converted to a new state (indicating a mixture of hydrate and anhydrous). Furthermore, the shape of the adsorption step from 0 to 40% was observed to be highly similar to that of Form 2 (see FIG. 7A). XRPD analysis of the sample post-GVS experiment (‘HighRH_Desorp_3’) confirmed that a mixture of Form 1 and Form 3 was present (see FIG. 4E), as shown by starred peaks (indicating peaks present in either the XRPD pattern of the anhydrous or hydrated form). The XRPD patterns obtained for Sample 1 post GVS of HighRR_Desorp_3 is shown in green.

Finally, to ensure complete conversion to the anhydrous and hydrated forms, a GVS experiment was designed to increase both the length of the desorption step at 0% RH, and the adsorption step at 95% RH, respectively (Table 3). Based on the weight stabilization observed in the kinetic plots for Sample 1 in HighRH and HighRR_Desorp_3 methods discussed above (FIGS. 6D and 6F), a holding time of 800 mins at 0% RH and 1600 mins at 95% RH were chosen. A double cycle was also recorded for this experiment to observe whether the sample would return to Form 1 or form a mixed anhydrous/hydrated species (see Table 3, FIGS. 6G-6H).

The GVS data (FIGS. 6G-6H) show that after complete desorption at 0% RH, and subsequent re-adsorption, the sample continued to uptake water and formed a mixed anhydrous/hydrated species. This species converted to the hydrate at 90-95% RH (Form 3), which remained stable during desorption until 40%, below which the sample desorbed sharply. Subsequent adsorption from 0 to 40% RH followed this step-wise transition, which can be clearly observed in the GVS Isotherm Plot of Sample 2 (see FIG. 7A). This GVS data provides clear evidence that the Sample 1/Form 1 material irreversibly converted to a hydrate (Form 3) under exposure to high RH (>90%), and upon desorption shifts into an equilibrium between the anhydrous state (Form 2) and the hydrated state (Form 3). XRPD analysis of the sample post-GVS experiment (‘HighRH_DoubleCycle_2’) confirmed the formation of the hydrate (Form 3), see FIG. 4F.

To fully characterize the polymorphic behavior of Samples 1 and 2 at variable humidity, and to collect reference XRPD patterns for the ‘pure’ anhydrous Form 1 and Form 2 material, and ‘pure’ hydrated Form 3 material, Variable Humidity (VH) XRPD experiments were conducted on Samples 1 and 2. Initially, VH-XRPD experiments were conducted using Sample 1, and XRPD diffractograms were collected at selected humidity values, in line with those collected during GVS experiments (see FIGS. 6E-6F). XRPD diffractograms were collected initially at ambient RH, then collected over 24 hours at ˜95% RH and finally collected during desorption steps to 0% RH and over 10 hours at 0% RH (see FIG. 4C). Full method details are provided in Table 10 below.

TABLE 10 Experimental conditions for collection of VH experiment on Sample 1 (sample: J06994_D8_VH, method: P2803-06NOV15) Measured delay Scan time Desired Humidity Recorded humidity (hold) time (hrs) (hrs) Ambient 53.7 0 0.69* 94 96.1 2 0.69 94 95.3 2 0.69 94 94.9 2 0.69 94 94.7 2 0.69 94 94.5 2 0.69 94 94.5 2 0.69 94 94.4 2 0.69 94 94.3 2 0.69 94 94.3 2 0.69 94 94.2 2 0.69 80 82.4 1 0.69 70 72.8 1 0.69 60 63.6 1 0.69 50 51.7 1 0.69 40 40.3 1 0.69 30 29.3 1 0.69 20 17.3 1 0.69 10 5.9 1 0.69 0 0 1 0.69 0 0 4 0.69 0 0 4 0.69 10 5.8 2 0.69 20 17.2 2 0.69 30 29.1 2 0.69 40 40.0 2 0.69 *each scan was 41 m 28 s (0.69 hrs)

The VH-XRPD experiment was unable to show a direct conversion from the starting material Sample 1 (Form 1) to the hydrated state (Form 3) over 24 hours at ˜95% RH (see FIG. 4C). However, there were subtle changes in the diffractogram pattern observed at ˜95% RH, compared to that of the starting material at ambient RH and at 0% RH (see starred peaks). These changes included a shoulder at 12 degrees 2θ and an additional peak at 19 degrees 2θ and indicated a slow conversion towards the hydrated state (see post 25/97′ in FIG. 4C). Thus, Form 1 may have converted to Form 3 (hydrate) over time, as supported by GVS data (FIGS. 6E-6F). One possible explanation for the slower kinetics in VH-XRPD is that VH-XRPD experiments relied on changes in the crystal structure of a sample at an exposed surface layer to varying humidity, whereas GVS experiments allowed all surfaces of the sample to be exposed as the sample was suspended in a wire basket.

Thermal analysis of the supplied materials showed that Sample 1 was anhydrous (by TGA and KF), and had no thermal events prior to melt or degradation. In comparison, Sample 2 had a complex thermal profile by DSC (see FIG. 9B) and was found to be a hydrate (by TGA and KF). The DSC trace showed that Sample 2 desolvated upon heating from ambient to 150° C., melted at ˜157° C. and recrystallized at ˜187° C. (see FIG. 9B). TGA data showed that this desolvation event corresponded to a loss of 6.2% weight, equivalent to 2 molecules of water.

Variable Temperature XRPD (VT-XRPD) experiments were therefore conducted to examine the thermal behavior of Sample 2 observed by DSC (see FIG. 9B). VT-XRPD analysis shows that Sample 2 converted to the anhydrous state (Form 2, red) upon heating above 100° C., then melted and recrystallized at ˜175° C. (blue) as Form 1 material (FIG. 5D).

This indicates that Sample 2 as a mixture of Forms 2 and 3 can be converted to Form 1 by recrystallization above 175° C. However, it is clear that Form 1 material irreversibly converted to the hydrate Form 3 under exposure to high RH (>90%).

VH-XRPD experiments were also conducted using Sample 2 and XRPD diffractograms were collected at selected humidity values of 0% RH (Table 12) and 90% RH (Table 11, to obtain reference XRPD patterns for the ‘pure’ anhydrous Form 2 and ‘pure’ hydrated Form 3 respectively. The GVS Kinetic Plot collected for Sample 2 (see FIG. 7B) indicated relatively fast kinetics for conversion from anhydrous to hydrated form, therefore XRPD patterns were collected at time points of up to 10-14 hours (see FIGS. 5E-5F).

TABLE 11 Experimental conditions for collection of VH experiment on Sample 2 at high RH (sample: J06993_D8_VH90, method: P2803-11NOV15) Measured delay Scan time Desired humidity Recorded humidity (hold) time (hrs) (hrs) 40 41.8 0 0.69 90 93.4 2 0.69 90 92.1 2 0.69 90 91.6 2 0.69 90 91.6 2 0.69

TABLE 12 Experimental conditions for collection of VH experiment on Sample 2 at 0% RH (sample: J06993_D8_VH_0, method: P2803-12NOV15) Measured delay Scan time Desired humidity Recorded humidity (hold) time (hrs) (hrs) 0 0 2 0.69 0 0 2 0.69 0 0 2 0.69 0 0 2 0.69 0 0 0.69 0.69

As shown in FIG. 5E, slight changes in the XRPD pattern of Sample 2 were observed between ambient (42% RH) and 92-93% RH (see starred peaks), showing conversion toward the hydrated state (as represented by the XRPD pattern post storage at 25° C./97% RH). However, the kinetics remained relatively slow. Based on these observations, the XRPD pattern for anhydrous Sample 2 (at 0% RH) was collected after drying a sample in a vacuum oven (RT, 8 hours) (see FIG. 5F). The XRPD pattern collected at 0% RH was consistent with a sample of anhydrous Sample 2 produced by heating to 100° C. on a VT-XRPD stage (see experimental section above and FIG. 5D), and therefore provided a reference for the anhydrous Form 2.

Form 3 in Sample 2 was converted to Form 2 when Sample 2 was heated to 100° C. Sample 2 started to melt around 160° C. and recrystallized as Form 1 at above 175° C. The characterization data of Samples 1 and 2 are summarized in Table 5.

GVS experiments showed that Sample 2 was hygroscopic with a mass uptake of 6.7% wt. from 0% to 40% RH, plateauing above 40% RH (2.0% wt. from 40-90% RH) (see FIGS. 7A-7B). Thus, an equilibrium existed between the anhydrous and hydrated states for Sample 2 at near ambient RH (e.g., 40-65% RH).

The XRPD pattern collected for Sample 2 varied depending on the prevailing RH during measurement. For XRPD diffractograms pre- and post-GVS, see FIG. 5G, which showed that a mixture of Form 2 and Form 3 existed in between 0% and 90% RH (post GVS).

Example 2. Solubility Assessment of Polymorphic Forms of RAD1901-2HCl

Solubility assessment was carried out on the Sample 1 of RAD1901-2HCl (majorly Form 1 shown by XRPD) in 24 solvent systems in HPLC vials (sample IDs: A1 to A24). RAD1901-2HCl (25 mg) was treated with increasing volumes of solvent until the material fully dissolved or until a maximum of 60 vol had been used (Table 13).

TABLE 13 Solubility assessment and polymorph screen on Form 1 of RAD1901-2HCl Sample 10 20 40 60 Cooled After 50/RT FIG. ID Solvent vol. vol. vol. vol. to 5° C. maturation Evaporation XRPD No. A1 n-Heptane X X X X N/A X N/A Form 1 14A A2 Propyl acetate X X X X N/A X N/A Form 1 14A A3 Ethyl acetate X X X X N/A X N/A Form 1 14A A4 Isopropyl X X X X N/A X N/A Form 1 14A acetate A5 MIBK X X X X N/A X N/A Form 1 14A A6 2-propanol X X X X N/A X N/A Form 3* 14C A7 MEK X X X X N/A X N/A Form 1* 14A A8 1-propanol X X X X N/A X N/A Form 1 14A A9 Acetone X X X X N/A X N/A Form 3* 14C A10 Ethanol X X X X N/A X N/A Form 1 14A A11 Dimethyl S S N/A S S — sulfoxide A12 Water +/− S S N/A Solid Form 3 14C A13 TBME X X X X N/A X N/A Form 1 14B A14 1,4-Dioxane X X X X N/A X N/A Form 1 14B A15 Toluene X X X X N/A X N/A Form 1 14B A16 1,2- X X X X N/A X N/A Form 1 14B dimethoxyethane A17 Tetrahydrofuran X X X X N/A X N/A Form 1 14B (THF) A18 Dichloromethane X X X X N/A X N/A Form 1 14B A19 Acetonitrile X X X X N/A X N/A Form 1 14B (ACN) A20 Methanol +/− S Platelet N/A N/A Form 3 14C crystal A21 Nitromethane X X X X N/A S Solids Form 1 14B A22 10% water/EtOH +/− S Some N/A N/A Form 3* 14C crystal A23 10% water/IPA X X +/− S S N/A Solids, green Form 3 14C solution A24 10% water/THF X X +/− S S N/A Solids Form 3 14C Legend: X = suspension; S = solution; +/− = nearly dissolved; *= poorly crystalline; N/A = not applicable

After each addition of solvent, the system was stirred for 5 to 10 minutes at 25° C., then shaken at 50° C. for 5 to 10 minutes, and observations made. Samples were allowed to stand at room temperature for 5 min before the addition of a new aliquot of solvent. After the assessment was completed, the suspensions obtained were matured (maturation) and the clear solutions were cooled (cooling) and slowly evaporated (evaporation) as described below. All solids recovered from maturation, cooling and evaporation experiments were analyzed by high resolution XRPD.

The suspensions obtained during the solubility assessment were matured by shaken in a maturation chamber between 50° C. and RT (8 hr per cycle) for up to 5 days. Then the mixture was allowed to stand at room temperature for 10 minutes. The resulting solids were filtered and air dried and analyzed by XRPD. The clear solutions obtained during maturation were evaporated in ambient conditions and the resulting residues were analyzed by XRPD.

The clear solutions obtained during the course of the solubility assessment were cooled on a Polar Bear device from 50° C. to 5° C. at 0.1° C./min. Solids obtained upon cooling were recovered from the vials, air dried and analyzed by XRPD. If no solid was obtained, the solutions were evaporated slowly through a needle inserted into the septum cap of the vial until a solid appeared at ambient conditions and the resulting solids were filtered, air dried and analyzed by XRPD.

The solubility assessment of the Sample 1 in different solvent systems showed that the compound had low solubility in alcohols, esters, and hydrocarbon solvents, but was highly soluble in water. XRPD analysis of solids recovered after maturation, cooling and evaporation (in the solvents listed in Table 13) found that either anhydrous Form 1 or hydrated Form 3 were produced (FIGS. 14A-14C). Consistent with the solid-state characterization of Sample 1 in Example 1, slurrying in water or water/solvent systems produced the hydrated state, Form 3. Pattern 3 was also observed from slurrying in 2-propanol, acetone and methanol, but it is likely that the hydrate resulted from residual water present in the solvent stock solutions (anhydrous solvents were not used in this screen).

During these screening experiments, it was observed that one sample (A20) produced crystals of plate morphology (see FIG. 10B), and was submitted for Single Crystal analysis. However, these crystals were found to exist as stacks (as seen by SEM, see FIGS. 12A-12C), not single crystals and were therefore unsuitable for collection by SCXRD. Analysis of the crystals by XRPD found that the material was consistent with a hydrated state, and most closely resembled Pattern 3 (FIG. 14C).

Example 3. Preparation and Characterization of Amorphous RAD1901-2HCl

A) Preparation and Characterization of Amorphous RAD1901-2HCl

As Sample 1 of RAD1901-2HCl showed high solubility in water and t-butanol/water (1:1), amorphous RAD1901-2HCl was prepared from each of these solvents by lyophilization. RAD1901-2HCl (100 mg) was placed into a scintillation vial and appropriate solvent systems tested for dissolution of the material. Water or t-butanol/water (1:1) (20-30 vol., 2-3 mL) was added to the sample at RT, and the mixture was vortexed until dissolution, and filtered to remove any remaining solid particles. The solution was frozen in a dry ice/acetone bath and the solvent removed by lyophilization. The resulting solids were analyzed for amorphous content by XRPD (FIG. 15A), counterion identity by IC, purity by HPLC and NMR, and thermal properties by TGA and DSC (Table 14).

TABLE 14 Characterization data for amorphous RAD1901-2HCl produced by lyophilisation Lyophilization in t- Technique/Sample ID Lyophilization in water Butanol/Water(1:1) XRPD Amorphous (FIG. 15A) Amorphous (FIG. 15A) ¹H-NMR Consistent with starting Consistent with starting material (FIG. 16) material, 0.3 eq. residual t- butanol (FIG. 16) HPLC (Purity %) 99.3% AUC 99.2% AUC DSC Broad endotherm from 25° C. Broad endotherm from 25° C. to 140° C., endotherm at 149° C. to 140° C., endotherms at 103 (onset) (FIG. 17A) ° C. (onset) and 147° C. (onset) (FIG. 17A) TGA 6.5% wt. loss from RT to 190° C. Two steps: 5.3% wt. loss (FIG. 17B) from RT to 120° C. and 1.8% wt. loss from 120° C. to 190° C. (FIG. 17B) IC Average = 1.79 (adjusted for Average = 1.79 (adjusted for TGA wt. loss = 1.93) TGA wt. loss = 1.92) mDSC Broad endotherm 0-150° C. Broad endotherm 0-100° C. masks any Tg (FIG. 17C) masks any Tg XRPD post storage at 25° C./ Consistent with Form 3 Consistent with Form 3 97% RH (10 days) (FIG. 15B) (FIG. 15B) XRPD post storage at 40° C./ Consistent with Form 3 Consistent with Form 3 75% RH (10 days) (FIG. 15C) (FIG. 15C)

B) Scale-Up Preparation of Amorphous RAD1901-2HCl

In a scale-up preparation of amorphous RAD1901-2HCl, RAD1901-2HCl (600 mg) was dissolved in water (20 vol., 12 mL) and filtered to remove any remaining solid particles. The solution was then aliquoted into 24 HPLC vials, frozen in a dry ice/acetone bath and the solvent removed by lyophilisation. Solids produced by lyophilization were used directly in solubility assessment and polymorph screens in Example 4.

Example 4. Solubility Assessment and Polymorph Screen of Amorphous RAD1901-2HCl

A) Solubility Assessment and Polymorph Screen of Amorphous RAD1901-2HCl

Amorphous RAD1901-2HCl prepared as described in Example 3B was used directly in solubility assessment and polymorph screens (Table 15). XRPD patterns were further obtained for amorphous RAD1901-2HCl prepared using other solvents.

TABLE 15 Solubility assessment and polymorph screen on amorphous RAD1901-2HCl After PLM after XRPD After XRPD Sample 10 maturation maturation post maturation post 50° C./ FIG. ID Solvent vol. at 25° C. at 25° C. 25° C. at 50° C. RT No. B1. n-Heptane X X No visible N/A X Amorphous 18D crystalsX B2. Propyl acetate X X No visible N/A X Form 2/3 18B crystalsX B3. Ethyl acetate X X No visible N/A X Form 2/3 18B crystalsX B4. Isopropyl X X No visible N/A X Form 2/3 18B acetate crystalsX B5. MIBK X X No visible N/A X Form 3 18B crystalsX B6. 2-propanol X X No visible N/A X Form 1⁺ 18D crystalsX B7. MEK X X No visible N/A X Form 1⁺ 18D crystalsX B8. 1-propanol X X No visible N/A Crystalline Form 1 18A crystalsX material B9. Acetone X X No visible N/A X Form 1* 18D crystalsX B10. Ethanol X X No visible N/A Fine Form 1 18A crystalsX crystals B11. Dimethyl S S S N/A S S — sulfoxide B12. Water S X Fine Form 3 Lath Form 3 18C needles crystals B13. TBME X X Birefringent Amorphous Some Poor 18D solid crystals crystalline B14. 1,4-Dioxane X X No visible N/A X Poor 18D crystalsX crystalline B15. Toluene X X No visible N/A Fine Form 3 18B crystalsX crystals B16. 1,2- X X No visible N/A Crystalline Form 3* 18C dimethoxyethane crystalsX material B17. Tetrahydrofuran X X No visible N/A Fine Form 1* 18A crystalsX crystals (THF) B18. Dichloromethane X X No visible N/A Crystalline Form 3 18B crystalsX material B19. Methanol X Crystal Cubic Form 3 Green N/A 18C crystals solution B20. Acetonitrile X X No visible N/A Crystalline Form 1 18A crystalsX material B21. Nitromethane X X Cubic/needle Form 1 Needle Form 1 18A crystals crystals B22. 10% water/EtOH S S Needle/Lath Form 3 Green N/A 18C crystals solution B23. 10% water/IPA X X Fine Form 3 Fine Form 3 18C crystals crystals B24. 10% water/THF X X Fine Form 3 Fine Form 3 18C crystals crystals Legend: X = suspension; S = solution; +/− = nearly dissolved; *= poorly crystalline; N/A = not applicable; ⁺Possibly some Form 3 present

In the polymorph screen of the amorphous RAD1901-2HCl prepared as described in Example 3B, an aliquot of each sample was examined for its morphology under the microscope, both after maturing at 25° C., and after maturing at 50° C./RT. If any crystalline material was observed at either maturation stage, the resulting solids were filtered, air dried and analyzed by high resolution XRPD. XRPD analysis of samples from the polymorph screen showed that only three distinct patterns could be observed: patterns for Forms 1, 2 and 3 previously observed (FIGS. 18A-18D). In some instances, the sample appeared to be a mixture of various polymorphic forms, e.g. Form 2 and Form 3 (FIGS. 18B-18C), similar to the mixture of Forms 2 and 3 in Sample 2 having an equilibrium between the two solid forms, depending on the prevailing RH.

Similarly, samples prepared from 2-propanol and MEK may contain a mix of anhydrous Form 1 and hydrated Form 3 material (FIG. 18D).

PLM images were obtained for crystals obtained during polymorph screens using amorphous RAD1901-2HCl prepared as described in Example 3B via cooling in methanol (FIG. 19A), maturation in water (FIG. 19B), or maturation in nitromethane (FIG. 19C), respectively (FIG. 19).

Despite collecting high resolution XRPD data, some samples were also poorly crystalline and their pattern could not be definitively assigned, but closely resembles that of Form 1 (FIG. 18D). Therefore, no additional new patterns have been observed in these screens using amorphous RAD1901-2HCl.

B) Solubility Assessment of Amorphous RAD1901-2HCl in Water/Organic Solvent System

Samples of amorphous RAD1901-2HCl were prepared in water/organic solvent mixtures containing varying ratios of water. The organic solvents chosen were anhydrous ethanol, methanol and ethyl acetate. The percentage of water in the water/organic solvent mixtures was varied between 0 and 10% (v/v) in order to place a limit on the level of water that can be present during production processes, and to retain formation of Form 1. Above this water activity limit, the hydrated Form 3 will be obtained, as shown by GVS experiments (see FIGS. 6G and 20A). It should be noted that samples prepared in ethyl acetate, were either slurried in anhydrous ethyl acetate, or in water saturated ethyl acetate.

The results from the water/organic solvent experiment are given in Table 16 and in FIGS. 20A-20C. The water activity values for each water/organic solvent mixture are provided in Table 16, and were calculated using the reference given in Bell, Halling, Enzyme Microbiol. Technol. 1997, 20, 471, incorporated herein by reference.

TABLE 16 Solubility assessment and polymorph screen on amorphous RAD1901-2HCl After stirring Sample Water 10 20 30 at 25° C. FIG. ID Solvent activity vol. vol vol for 72 hours XRPD No. C1. EtOH/H₂O 0.58 S X Form 3 20A (90:10) C2. EtOH/H₂O 0.39 X X Form 1 20A (95:5) C3. EtOH/H₂O 0.20 X X Form 1 20A (98:2) C4. EtOH/H₂O 0.11 X X Form 1 20A (99:1) C5. MeOH/H₂O 0.33 S S S (90:10) C6. MeOH/H₂O 0.19 S Crystals Form 3* 20B (95:5) C7. MeOH/H₂O 0.08 +/− Crystals Form 2 20B (98:2) C8. MeOH/H₂O 0.04 +/− Crystals Form 2 20B (99:1) C9. Ethyl acetate 0.00 X X X X Form 1* 20C (anhydrous) C10. Water-saturated 0.77 X X X X Form 3 20C ethyl acetate Legend: X = suspension; S = solution; +/− = nearly dissolved; *= poorly crystalline.

The water/organic solvent experiments demonstrate a water activity limit above which the hydrated Form 3 was produced. Samples of amorphous RAD1901-2HCl obtained from Example 3b prepared in anhydrous ethanol crystallized as Form 1 material, consistent with the XRPD pattern obtained during polymorph screening of amorphous Sample 1 (see Table 15). It is also known that ethanol solvent is used in the production of Form 1 material of RAD1901-2HCl (Sample 1) during drug purification processes (along with ethyl acetate). Crystals produced from water/ethanol were Form 1 up to a ratio of 5% water/ethanol, above which the hydrate Form 3 resulted. This equates to a water activity limit of 0.39 (see Table 16), and indicates that at least on small-scale, up to 5% water can be present during drug production process to produce Form 1.

Amorphous RAD1901-2HCl in anhydrous methanol crystallized as Form 2 having XRPD Pattern 2. This is consistent with the supplied batch of sample 2, which was known to form during isolation of RAD1901-2HCl using methanol (and ethyl acetate) solvent. Crystals produced from water/methanol were Form 2 (anhydrous) up to a ratio of 2% water/methanol, above which the hydrate Form 3 having XRPD Pattern 3 was produced. This equates to a water activity limit of 0.08 (see Table 16), which is low, and may reflect the observations (by GVS, see FIG. 7A) that at relatively low (ambient) RH, Form 2 material converts to the hydrate Form 3 or a mixture of Forms 2 and 3.

Slurrying of amorphous RAD1901-2HCl in anhydrous ethyl acetate produced crystals of Form 1 material, which supports the observation that Form 1 could be isolated using ethanol and ethyl acetate solvents in drug production processes, whereas Form 2 could be produced using methanol and ethyl acetate. The ratio of water/ethyl acetate was not varied, since the water-saturated ethyl acetate has above 2.7% (v/v) water (e.g., 3.3% water at 20° C.), which equates to water activity of 0.77. Slurrying in water-saturated ethyl acetate produced the hydrate Form 3.

Example 5

A crystalline form of RAD1901-2HCl.

Example 6

A solid form of RAD1901-2HCl, having an X-ray powder diffraction pattern comprising a peak, in terms of 2-theta, at 7.1 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ at about relative humidity 0%.

Example 7

A solid form of RAD1901-2HCl, having an X-ray powder diffraction pattern comprising a peak, in terms of 2-theta, at 7.1 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ and/or 14.3 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ at about relative humidity 0%.

Example 8

A solid form of RAD1901-2HCl, having an X-ray powder diffraction pattern comprising at least two peaks, in terms of 2-theta, selected from the group consisting of 7.1 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 14.3 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ and 18.3 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ at about relative humidity 0%.

Example 9

A solid form of RAD1901-2HCl, having an X-ray powder diffraction pattern comprising at least three peaks, in terms of 2-theta, selected from the group consisting of 7.1 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 14.3 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 18.3 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 13.8 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ and 12.0 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, at about relative humidity 0%.

Example 10

A solid form of RAD1901-2HCl, having an X-ray powder diffraction pattern comprising at least four peaks, in terms of 2-theta, selected from the group consisting of 7.1 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 14.3 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 18.3 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 13.8 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 12.0 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 25.1 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ and 18.9 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, at about relative humidity 0%.

Example 11

A solid form of RAD1901-2HCl, having an X-ray powder diffraction pattern comprising at least five peaks, in terms of 2-theta, selected from the group consisting of 7.1 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 14.3 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 18.3 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 13.8 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 12.0 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 25.1 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 18.9 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 27.2 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ and 11.0 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, at about relative humidity 0%.

Example 12

A solid form of RAD1901-2HCl, having an X-ray powder diffraction pattern comprising at least five peaks, in terms of 2-theta, selected from the group consisting of 7.1 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 14.3 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 18.3 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 13.8 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 12.0 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 25.1 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 18.9 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 27.2 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 11.0 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ and 16.2 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, at about relative humidity 0%.

Example 13

A solid form of RAD1901-2HCl, having an X-ray powder diffraction pattern comprising at least seven peaks, in terms of 2-theta, selected from the group consisting of 7.1 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 14.3 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 18.3 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 13.8 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 12.0 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 25.1 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 18.9 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 27.2 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 11.0 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ and 16.2 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, at about relative humidity 0%.

Example 14

A solid form of RAD1901-2HCl, having an X-ray powder diffraction pattern comprising at least eight peaks, in terms of 2-theta, selected from the group consisting of 7.1 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 14.3 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 18.3 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 13.8 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 12.0 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 25.1 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 18.9 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 27.2 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 11.0 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ and 16.2 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, at about relative humidity 0%.

Example 15

A solid form of RAD1901-2HCl, having an X-ray powder diffraction pattern comprising at least nine peaks, in terms of 2-theta, selected from the group consisting of 7.1 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 14.3 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 18.3 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 13.8 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 12.0 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 25.1 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 18.9 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 27.2 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 11.0 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ and 16.2 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, at about relative humidity 0%.

Example 16

A solid form of RAD1901-2HCl, having an X-ray powder diffraction pattern comprising the peaks, in terms of 2-theta, of 7.1 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 14.3 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 18.3 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 13.8 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 12.0 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 25.1 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 18.9 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 27.2 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 11.0 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ and 16.2 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, at about relative humidity 0%.

Example 17

A solid form of RAD1901-2HCl, having an X-ray powder diffraction pattern substantially as shown in FIG. 4G at about relative humidity 0%.

Example 18

A solid form of RAD1901-2HCl, having a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) thermogram comprising a melting onset at 218.2° C. and an endothermic peak at 232.1° C. Example 19. The solid form of Example 18, having a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) thermogram substantially as shown in the bottom figure of FIG. 8.

Example 20

A solid form of RAD1901-2HCl, having a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) substantially as shown in the top graph of FIG. 8.

Example 21

A composition comprising RAD1901 wherein at least 5% w/w of the total amount of RAD1901 is a solid form of any one of previous examples.

Example 22

A composition comprising RAD1901 wherein at least 25% w/w of the total amount of RAD1901 is a solid form of any one of previous examples.

Example 23

A composition comprising RAD1901 wherein at least 50% w/w of the total amount of RAD1901 is a solid form of any one of previous examples.

Example 24

A composition comprising RAD1901 wherein at least 90% w/w of the total amount of RAD1901 is a solid form of any one of previous examples.

Example 25

A composition comprising RAD1901 wherein at least 95% w/w of the total amount of RAD1901 is a solid form of any one of previous examples.

Example 26

A composition comprising RAD1901 wherein at least 98% w/w of the total amount of RAD1901 is a solid form of any one of previous examples.

Example 27

A pharmaceutical composition comprising the solid form of any of Examples 5-26 and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.

Example 28

A process for preparing a solid form of any of Examples 5-27 comprising precipitating from a solution comprising RAD1901-2HCl and a solvent, or slurrying RAD1901-2HCl in a solvent, wherein the solvent comprises an organic solvent substantially free of methanol, and the content of water is at or below 5% v/v.

Example 29

The process according to Example 28 wherein the solvent is selected from the group consisting of n-heptane, propyl acetate, ethyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK), methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), 1-propanol, ethanol, t-butyl methyl ether (TBME), 1,4-dioxane, toluene, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, tetrahydrofuran, dichloromethane, acetonitrile, nitromethane, and mixtures thereof.

Example 30

A method of treating breast cancer comprising an administration to a subject in need thereof a solid form of any of Examples 5-26.

Example 31

The method of Example 30 wherein said breast cancer is ER+.

Example 32

A method of treating ovarian cancer comprising an administration to a subject in need thereof a solid form of RAD1901-2HCl according to any of Examples 5-26.

Example 33

A solid form of RAD1901-2HCl, having an X-ray powder diffraction pattern comprising a peak, in terms of 2-theta, at 6.3 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ at about relative humidity 0%.

Example 34

A solid form of RAD1901-2HCl, having an X-ray powder diffraction pattern comprising a peak, in terms of 2-theta, at 6.3 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ and/or 12.5 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ at about relative humidity 0%.

Example 35

A solid form of RAD1901-2HCl, having an X-ray powder diffraction pattern comprising at least two peaks, in terms of 2-theta, selected from the group consisting of 6.3 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 12.5 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ and 15.4 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, at about relative humidity 0%.

Example 36

A solid form of RAD1901-2HCl, having an X-ray powder diffraction pattern comprising at least three peaks, in terms of 2-theta, selected from the group consisting of 6.3 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 12.5 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 15.4 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 18.3 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ and 13.4 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, at about relative humidity 0%.

Example 37

A solid form of RAD1901-2HCl having an X-ray powder diffraction pattern substantially as shown in FIG. 5H at about relative humidity 0%.

Example 38

A pharmaceutical composition comprising a solid form according to any one of Examples 32-37 and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.

Example 39

A solid form of RAD1901-2HCl that is a hydrate.

Example 40

The solid form of RAD1901-2HCl of Example 39 that is a dihydrate.

Example 41

The solid form of Examples 39 or 40 having an X-ray powder diffraction pattern comprising a peak, in terms of 2-theta, at 5.8 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ at about relative humidity 92%.

Example 42

The solid form of any of Examples 39-41 having an X-ray powder diffraction pattern comprising a peak, in terms of 2-theta, at 5.8 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ and/or 21.3 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, at about relative humidity 92%.

Example 43

The solid form of any of Examples 39-41 having an X-ray powder diffraction pattern comprising at least two peaks, in terms of 2-theta, selected from the group consisting of 5.8 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 21.3 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ and 24.8 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, at about relative humidity 92%.

Example 44

The solid form of any of Examples 39-41 having an X-ray powder diffraction pattern comprising at least three peaks, in terms of 2-theta, selected from the group consisting of 5.8 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 21.3 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 24.8 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 23.3 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ and 9.5 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, at about relative humidity 92%.

Example 45

The solid form of any of Examples 39-41 having an X-ray diffraction pattern comprising at least four peaks, in terms of 2-theta, selected from the group consisting of 5.8 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 21.3 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 24.8 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 23.3 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 12.1 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ and 9.5 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, at about relative humidity 92%.

Example 46

A solid form of RAD1901-2HCl that is amorphous.

Example 47

A form of RAD1901-2HCl as an amorphous material in a dispersion matrix.

Example 48

A tablet comprising 400 mg amorphous RAD1901-2HCl dispersed into a matrix.

Although specific embodiments of the present invention are herein illustrated and described in detail, the invention is not limited thereto. The above detailed descriptions are provided as exemplary of the present invention and should not be construed as constituting any limitation of the invention. Modifications will be obvious to those skilled in the art, and all modifications that do not depart from the spirit of the invention are intended to be included with the scope of the appended claims. 

The invention claimed is:
 1. A method of treating breast cancer, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a solid form of RAD1901-2HCl, having an X-ray powder diffraction pattern comprising a peak, in terms of 2-theta, at 7.1 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ at about relative humidity 0%.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the solid form has an X-ray powder diffraction pattern comprising peaks, in terms of 2-theta, at 7.1 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ and 14.3 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ at about relative humidity 0%.
 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the solid form has an X-ray powder diffraction pattern further comprising at least one peak, in terms of 2-theta, selected from the group consisting of 14.3 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ and 18.3 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ at about relative humidity 0%.
 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the solid form has an X-ray powder diffraction pattern further comprising at least two peaks, in terms of 2-theta, selected from the group consisting of 14.3 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 18.3 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 13.8 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ and 12.0 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, at about relative humidity 0%.
 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the solid form has an X-ray powder diffraction pattern further comprising at least three peaks, in terms of 2-theta, selected from the group consisting of 14.3 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 18.3 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 13.8 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 12.0 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 25.1 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ and 18.9 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, at about relative humidity 0%.
 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the solid form has an X-ray powder diffraction pattern further comprising at least four peaks, in terms of 2-theta, selected from the group consisting of 14.3 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 18.3 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 13.8 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 12.0 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 25.1 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 18.9 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 27.2 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ and 11.0 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, at about relative humidity 0%.
 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the solid form has an X-ray powder diffraction pattern further comprising at least four peaks, in terms of 2-theta, selected from the group consisting of 14.3 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 18.3 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 13.8 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 12.0 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 25.1 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 18.9 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 27.2 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 11.0 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ and 16.2 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, at about relative humidity 0%.
 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the solid form has an X-ray powder diffraction pattern further comprising at least six peaks, in terms of 2-theta, selected from the group consisting of 14.3 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 18.3 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 13.8 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 12.0 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 25.1 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 18.9 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 27.2 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 11.0 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ and 16.2 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, at about relative humidity 0%.
 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the solid form has an X-ray powder diffraction pattern further comprising at least seven peaks, in terms of 2-theta, selected from the group consisting of 14.3 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 18.3 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 13.8 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 12.0 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 25.1 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 18.9 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 27.2 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 11.0 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ and 16.2 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, at about relative humidity 0%.
 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the solid form has an X-ray powder diffraction pattern further comprising at least eight peaks, in terms of 2-theta, selected from the group consisting of 14.3 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 18.3 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 13.8 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 12.0 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 25.1 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 18.9 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 27.2 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 11.0 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ and 16.2 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, at about relative humidity 0%.
 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the solid form has an X-ray powder diffraction pattern comprising the peaks, in terms of 2-theta, of 7.1 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 14.3 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 18.3 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 13.8 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 12.0 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 25.1 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 18.9 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 27.2 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, 11.0 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ and 16.2 degrees 2θ±0.2 degree 2θ, at about relative humidity 0%.
 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the solid form has an X-ray powder diffraction pattern as shown in FIG. 4G at about relative humidity 0%.
 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the solid form has a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) thermogram comprising a melting onset at 218.2° C. and an endothermic peak at 232.1° C.
 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the solid form has a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) thermogram as shown in the bottom figure of FIG.
 8. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the solid form has a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) as shown in the top graph of FIG.
 8. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein said breast cancer is ER+.
 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the breast cancer is a resistant ER-driven cancer that progressed after endocrinological treatment, wherein the endocrinological treatment comprises administration of a drug selected from a Selective Estrogen Receptor Degrader (SERD), an aromatase inhibitor, a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM), a Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (Her2) inhibitor, a chemo therapeutic agent, a cdk4/6 inhibitor, an m-TOR inhibitor, or rituximab.
 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the SERD is selected from fulvestrant, 17β-[2-[4-[(diethylamino)methyl]-2-methoxyphenoxy]ethyl]-7α-methylestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-3-ol (TAS-108BU or SR16234), 11β-Fluoro-7a-(14,14,15,15-pentafluoro-6-methyl-10-thia-6-azapentadecyl)estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,17β-diol (ZK191703), (11β,17β)-11-[4-[[5-[(4,4,5,5,5-Pentafluoropentyl)sulfonyl]-pentyl]oxy]phenylestra-1,3,5,(10)-triene-3,17-diol (RU58668), Brilanestrant (GDC-0810 or ARN-810), Etacstil (GW5638 or -DPC974), (S)-2-(4-(2-(3-(fluoromethyl)-azetidin-1-yl)ethoxy)phenyl)-3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-4-methyl-2H-chromen-6-ol (SRN-927), and (E)-3-(3,5-difluoro-4-((1R,3R)-2-(2-fluoro-2-methylpropyl)-3-methyl-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)phenyl)acrylic acid (AZD9496); the aromatase inhibitor is selected from anastrozole, exemestane, and letrozole; the selective estrogen receptor modulator is selected from tamoxifen, raloxifene, lasofoxifene, and toremifene; the Her2 inhibitor is selected from trastuzumab, lapatinib, ado-trastuzumab emtansine, and pertuzumab; the chemo therapeutic agent is selected from abraxane, adriamycin, carboplatin, cytoxan, daunorubicin, doxil, ellence, fluorouracil, gemzar, helaven, Ixempra, methotrexate, mitomycin, micoxantrone, navelbine, taxol, taxotere, thiotepa, vincristine, and xeloda; and the angiogenesis inhibitor is bevacizumab.
 19. The method of claim 17, wherein the subject is further administered a cdk4/6 inhibitor and/or an m-TOR inhibitor.
 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the cdk4/6 inhibitor and/or m-TOR inhibitor is selected from palbociclib, ribociclib, abemaciclib, or everolimus, or a combination thereof.
 21. The method of claim 16, wherein the breast cancer is a resistant ER-driven cancer that progress after endocrinological treatment, wherein the breast cancer has one or more mutant ER binding domains comprising one or more mutations selected from the group consisting of Y537X₁ wherein X₁ is S, N, or C, D538G, L536X₂ wherein X₂ is R or Q, P535H, V534E, S463P, V392I, and E380Q, or a combination thereof. 